Assessment and treatment of mood disorders in the context of substance abuse - PubMed (original) (raw)
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Assessment and treatment of mood disorders in the context of substance abuse
Bryan K Tolliver et al. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015 Jun.
Abstract
Recognition and management of mood symptoms in individuals using alcohol and/or other drugs represent a daily challenge for clinicians in both inpatient and outpatient treatment settings. Diagnosis of underlying mood disorders in the context of ongoing substance abuse requires careful collection of psychiatric history, and is often critical for optimal treatment planning and outcomes. Failure to recognize major depression or bipolar disorders in these patients can result in increased relapse rates, recurrence of mood episodes, and elevated risk of completed suicide. Over the past decade, epidemiologic research has clarified the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders in substance-dependent individuals, overturning previous assumptions that depression in these patients is simply an artifact of intoxication and/or withdrawal, therefore requiring no treatment. However, our understanding of the bidirectional relationships between mood and substance use disorders in terms of their course(s) of illness and prognoses remains limited. Like-wise, strikingly little treatment research exists to guide clinical decision making in co-occurring mood and substance use disorders, given their high prevalence and public health burden. Here we overview what is known and the salient gaps of knowledge where data might enhance diagnosis and treatment of these complicated patients.
El reconocimiento y manejo de los síntomas anímicos en los sujetos que emplean alcohol ylu otras drogas es un desafío diario para los clínicos en el tratamiento tanto de pacientes ambulatorios como hospitalizados. El diagnóstico de los trastornos del ánimo que están a la base de un abuso de sustancias requiere de una recopilación cuidadosa de la historia psiquiátrica, y a menudo es clave para lograr una planificación terapéutica y resultados óptimos. Una falla en el reconocimiento en estos pacientes de la depresión mayor o de los trastornos bipolares puede traducirse en un aumento en la frecuencia de recaídas, recurrencias y episodios anímicos, y un riesgo elevado de suicidio consumado. Durante la última década la investigación epidemiológica ha clarificado la prevalencia de los trastornos del ánimo comórbidos en sujetos con dependencia de sustancias, dando un vuelco en los supuestos previos acerca de que la depresión en estos pacientes era simplemente un artefacto de la intoxicación ylo de la abstinencia, y que por tanto no requería de tratamiento. Sin embargo, aun es limitada nuestra comprensión acerca de las relaciones bidireccionales entre los trastornos del ánimo y el abuso de sustancias en cuanto a los cursos y pronósticos de la enfermedad. Asimismo, llama la atención que existe poca investigación terapéutica para guiar la toma de decisiones clínicas cuando co-ocurren trastornos del ánimo y por uso de sustancias, dada su alta prevalencia y la carga para la salud pública. En este artículo se repasa lo que se sabe y los vacíos más destacados del conocimiento donde los datos podrían mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estos pacientes complicados.
La reconnaissance et la prise en charge des troubles de l'humeur chez les personnes consommant de l'alcool et/ou d'autres substances sont des défis quotidiens pour les médecins, que ce soit dans le cadre hospitalier ou ambulatoire. Le diagnostic des troubles de l'humeur sous-jacents dans le contexte d'une toxicomanie existante nécessite un recueil soigneux des antécédents psychiatriques ; il est souvent déterminant pour une organisation et des résultats optimaux du traitement. Une absence de reconnaissance de la dépression majeure ou des troubles bipolaires chez ces patients peut entraîner une augmentation des taux de rechute, une récidive des troubles thymiques et un risque élevé de suicide réussi. Ces 10 dernières années, la recherche épidémiologique a clarifié la prévalence des troubles comorbides de l'humeur chez les personnes dépendantes d'une substance, infirmant les hypothèses antérieures considérant la dépression chez ces patients comme un simple artéfact de l'intoxication et/ou du sevrage, ne nécessitant donc aucun traitement. Cependant, notre compréhension des relations bidirectionnelles entre troubles de l'humeur et troubles de l'usage d'une substance en termes d'évolution de la maladie et de pronostic reste limitée. De même, le peu de recherche thérapeutique pour guider la décision clinique en cas de troubles concomitants de l'humeur et de l'usage de substances est marquant, compte tenu de leur haute prévalence et de leur poids dans la santé publique. Nous analysons ici ce qui est connu ainsi que les lacunes importantes dans nos connaissances dans ce domaine ; des résultats de recherche pourraient améliorer le diagnostic et le traitement de ces patients compliqués.
Keywords: addiction; alcoholism; bipolar disorder; comorbidity; dual diagnosis; major depressive disorder; suicide.
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