Estimating added sugars in US consumer packaged goods: An application to beverages in 2007-08 - PubMed (original) (raw)
Estimating added sugars in US consumer packaged goods: An application to beverages in 2007-08
Shu Wen Ng et al. J Food Compost Anal. 2015.
Abstract
This study developed a method to estimate added sugar content in consumer packaged goods (CPG) that can keep pace with the dynamic food system. A team including registered dietitians, a food scientist and programmers developed a batch-mode ingredient matching and linear programming (LP) approach to estimate the amount of each ingredient needed in a given product to produce a nutrient profile similar to that reported on its nutrition facts label (NFL). Added sugar content was estimated for 7021 products available in 2007-08 that contain sugar from ten beverage categories. Of these, flavored waters had the lowest added sugar amounts (4.3g/100g), while sweetened dairy and dairy alternative beverages had the smallest percentage of added sugars (65.6% of Total Sugars; 33.8% of Calories). Estimation validity was determined by comparing LP estimated values to NFL values, as well as in a small validation study. LP estimates appeared reasonable compared to NFL values for calories, carbohydrates and total sugars, and performed well in the validation test; however, further work is needed to obtain more definitive conclusions on the accuracy of added sugar estimates in CPGs. As nutrition labeling regulations evolve, this approach can be adapted to test for potential product-specific, category-level, and population-level implications.
Keywords: Added sugars; Beverages; Food analysis; Food composition; Ingredients; Linear programming; Nutrition label.
Figures
Figure 1. Overview of batch-mode approach to estimate added sugars in CPGs
Notes: CPG= Consumer Packaged Goods; NFL= Nutrition Facts Label
Figure 2. Simple peanut butter example of how Linear Programming (LP) model works
Notes: LP= Linear Programming; NFL= Nutrition Facts Label
Figure 3. Contribution of added vs. intrinsic sugars to total sugars in ready-to-drink CPG beverages, 2007-08
Notes: CPG= Consumer Packaged Goods; UPC= Universal Product Code; NFL= Nutrition Facts Label Figure only includes U PCs with NFL total sugars >0g. Some categories contain both regular and low calorie products. Fruit juice and fruit juice concentrate not considered an added sugar.
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