Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs - PubMed (original) (raw)

Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs

Yan Yang et al. Front Microbiol. 2015.

Abstract

Lactobacillus reuteri is used as probiotic culture in food and feed applications; however, strain specific properties of L. reuteri that mediate probiotic activity remain unknown. This study aimed to determine effects of feed fermentation with exopolysaccharide and reutericyclin producing L. reuteri on the transition of the gut microbiome of piglets after weaning. The reutericyclin and reuteran producing L. reuteri TMW1.656 was compared to the reutericyclin negative and levan producing L. reuteri LTH5794 and unfermented controls. Both strains were fermented at conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation, or at conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Fecal microbiota were characterized by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and by quantitative PCR targeting clostridial toxins. The transition to solid food resulted in a transient increase of Proteobacteria to 12% of total bacteria, and increased bacterial diversity by increasing the abundance of anaerobic fiber fermenting Firmicutes. Three weeks after weaning, Prevotella and Lactobacillus were among the dominant bacterial genera. Feed fermentation with L. reuteri affected the abundance of few bacterial taxa and particularly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) when compared to unfermented controls. Reutericyclin producing L. reuteri increased the abundance of Dialister spp. and Mitsuokella spp. (P < 0.05) but did not influence the abundance of clostridial toxins in the feces. In conclusion, data on the contribution of specific metabolic activities of L. reuteri to probiotic activity will facilitate the strain selection for probiotic applications in food and feed.

Keywords: ETEC; Lactobacillus reuteri; enterterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; exopolysaccharides; feed fermentation; pigs; probiotic; reutericyclin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Rarefaction curves indicating the effect of the number of partial sequences of 16S rRNA genes that were analyzed on the number of OUT's in fecal microbiota of pigs. Rarefaction curves were calculated in QIIME with the sample depth of 7939 sequences per sample from 137 fecal samples obtained at weaning (week 0, n = 29), or at week 1 (n = 36), week 2 (n = 36), and week 3 (n = 36) after weaning.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Principle coordinate analysis (PCA) of the bacterial microbiota of piglets. The PCA plot was generated using the unweighted UniFrac distance metric. Each dot represents an individual sample collected at the start of weaning week 0 (n = 29) or after week 1 (n = 36), week 2 (n = 36), and week 3 (n = 36) of weaning.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Composition of fecal microbiota at the phylum level at weaning, and during the first 3 weeks after weaning. Data represent the median proportions of each phylum as determined by the RDP (Ribosomal Database Project) classifier. The phyla are represented by symbols as follows: ●, Bacteroidetes; ▴, Firmicutes; formula image, Proteobacteria; Δ, Spirochaetes; ■ , Tenericutes; formula image, Planctomycetes; ♦, unassigned.

References

    1. Bednorz C., Guenther S., Oelgeschläger K., Kinnemann B., Pieper R., Hartmann S., et al. (2013). Feeding the probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain NCIMB 10415 to piglets specifically reduces the number of Escherichia coli pathotypes that adhere to the gut mucosa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79, 7896–7790. 10.1128/aem.03138-13 -DOI -PMC -PubMed
    1. Bokulich N. A., Subramanian S., Faith J. J., Gevers D., Gordon J. I., Knight R., et al. (2013). Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from Illumina amplicon sequencing. Nat. Methods 10, 57–59. 10.1038/nmeth.2276 -DOI -PMC -PubMed
    1. Brandt M. J. (2014). Starter cultures for cereal based foods. Food Microbiol. 37, 41–43. 10.1016/j.fm.2013.06.007 -DOI -PubMed
    1. Caporaso J. G., Kuczynski J., Stombaugh J., Bittinger K., Bushman F. D., Costello E. K., et al. (2010). QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat. Methods 7, 335–336. 10.1038/nmeth.f.303 -DOI -PMC -PubMed
    1. Chen X. Y., Woodward A., Zijlstra R. T., Gänzle M. G. (2014). Exopolysaccharides synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri protect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in piglets. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 5752–5760. 10.1128/AEM.01782-14 -DOI -PMC -PubMed

LinkOut - more resources