Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) - PubMed (original) (raw)
Altered Protein Expression in the Ileum of Mice Associated with the Development of Chronic Infections with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda)
Alba Cortés et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015.
Abstract
Background: Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode that has been extensively used as experimental model to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths or, in contrast, the development of chronic infections. Herein, we analyze the changes in protein expression induced by E. caproni infection in ICR mice, a host of high compatibility in which the parasites develop chronic infections.
Methodology/principal findings: To determine the changes in protein expression, a two-dimensional DIGE approach using protein extracts from the intestine of naïve and infected mice was employed; and spots showing significant differential expression were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 37 spots were identified differentially expressed in infected mice (10 were found to be over-expressed and 27 down-regulated). These proteins were related to the restoration of the intestinal epithelium and the control of homeostatic dysregulation, concomitantly with mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins among others.
Conclusion/significance: Our results suggests that changes in these processes in the ileal epithelium of ICR mice may facilitate the establishment of the parasite and the development of chronic infections. These results may serve to explain the factors determining the development of chronicity in intestinal helminth infection.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Figures
Fig 1. Schematic overview of the results obtained in the 2D-DIGE assay and the selection criteria applied.
Those spots displaying greater and most significant differential expression between the ileum of _Echinostoma caproni_-infected and uninfected mice were selected. FDR, false discovery rate; AVR, average volume ratio.
Fig 2. Multivariate statistical analysis applied to the set of 1,698 spots with 100% of presence in the 2D-DIGE experiment.
An indication about clustering and trends in protein expression profiles in the ileum of _Echinostoma caproni_-infected and uninfected mice is given. 2-dimensional score plot from the principal component analysis of the 8 individual biological replicates (E._caproni_-infected in red and uninfected in blue).
Fig 3. Multivariate statistical analysis applied to the set of 361 spots displaying greater significant statistical differences (p<0.01; q<0.05) in the 2D-DIGE experiment between the ileum of _Echinostoma caproni_-infected and uninfected mice.
2-dimensional score plot from the principal component analysis of the 8 individual biological replicates (E. _caproni_-infected in red and uninfected in blue).
Fig 4. Heat-map with dendrograms from the hierarchical clustering analysis (Euclidean) obtained using the DeCyder extended data analysis module.
Rows represent individual proteins and columns represent the individual biological replicates indicated at the bottom of the graph. The color in each cell represents the expression using a standardized log abundance scale ranging from negative values (green) to positive values (red).
Fig 5. Biological process network for proteins with significantly up-regulated expression levels in the intestine of Echinostoma caproni infected mice.
Node size is related to the number of proteins associated with a GO term, while color relates to the P-value for the statistical significance of the enrichment of a GO term.
Fig 6. Biological process network for proteins with significantly down-regulated expression levels in the intestine of Echinostoma caproni infected mice.
Node size is related to the number of proteins associated with a GO term, while color relates to the P-value for the statistical significance of the enrichment of a GO term.
References
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