Diversity and distribution of Actinobacteria associated with reef coral Porites lutea - PubMed (original) (raw)

Diversity and distribution of Actinobacteria associated with reef coral Porites lutea

Weiqi Kuang et al. Front Microbiol. 2015.

Abstract

Actinobacteria is a ubiquitous major group in coral holobiont. The diversity and spatial and temporal distribution of actinobacteria have been rarely documented. In this study, diversity of actinobacteria associated with mucus, tissue and skeleton of Porites lutea and in the surrounding seawater were examined every 3 months for 1 year on Luhuitou fringing reef. The population structures of the P. lutea-associated actinobacteria were analyzed using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, which demonstrated highly diverse actinobacteria profiles in P. lutea. A total of 25 described families and 10 unnamed families were determined in the populations, and 12 genera were firstly detected in corals. The Actinobacteria diversity was significantly different between the P. lutea and the surrounding seawater. Only 10 OTUs were shared by the seawater and coral samples. Redundancy and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to analyze the correlation between the variations of actinobacteria population within the divergent compartments of P. lutea, seasonal changes, and environmental factors. The actinobacteria communities in the same coral compartment tended to cluster together. Even so, an extremely small fraction of OTUs was common in all three P. lutea compartments. Analysis of the relationship between actinobacteria assemblages and the environmental parameters showed that several genera were closely related to specific environmental factors. This study highlights that coral-associated actinobacteria populations are highly diverse, and spatially structured within P. lutea, and they are distinct from which in the ambient seawater.

Keywords: 16S rRNA gene; Porites lutea; actinobacteria; diversity; temporal and spatial distribution.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Rarefaction curves of Actinobacteria 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Actinobacteria composition profiles. Taxonomic classification of actinobacteria sequences in to family identified by using the classify.seqs command in Mothur using Silva reference alignment database (

http://www.mothur.org/wiki/Silva\_reference\_files

, Release 119) with a confidence level of 80% were applied for classification. A1, mucus in February; A2, tissue in February; A3, skeleton in February; A4, seawater in February; B1, mucus in May; B2, tissue in May; B3, skeleton in May; B4, seawater in May; C1, mucus in August; C2, tissue in August; C3, skeleton in August; C4, seawater in August; D1, mucus in November; D2, tissue in November; D3, skeleton in November; D4, seawater in November.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Hierarchical cluster analysis of actinobacteria communities associated with P. lutea. Clustering was based on Bray-Curtis similarity estimated from the OTUs matrix by using the complete linkage method.

Figure 4

Figure 4

RDA ordination triplot showing the relationship among the environmental variables, coral samples, and actinobacterial components. Correlations between environmental variables and the first two RDA axes are represented by the lengths and angles of the arrows (environmental-factor vectors). Only abundant actinobacterial groups (>1%) were showed in the triplot. UV, ultraviolet radiation intensity; Temp, seawater temperature; DO, dissolved oxygen.

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