Metabolomic Profiling of Submaximal Exercise at a Standardised Relative Intensity in Healthy Adults - PubMed (original) (raw)
Metabolomic Profiling of Submaximal Exercise at a Standardised Relative Intensity in Healthy Adults
Ali Muhsen Ali et al. Metabolites. 2016.
Abstract
Ten physically active subjects underwent two cycling exercise trials. In the first, aerobic capacity (VO2max) was determined and the second was a 45 min submaximal exercise test. Urine samples were collected separately the day before (day 1) , the day of (day 2), and the day after (day 3) the submaximal exercise test (12 samples per subject). Metabolomic profiling of the samples was carried out using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to an Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer. Data were extracted, database searched and then subjected to principle components (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLSDA) modelling. The best results were obtained from pre-treating the data by normalising the metabolites to their mean output on days 1 and 2 of the trial. This allowed PCA to separate the day 2 first void samples (D2S1) from the day 2 post-exercise samples (D2S3) PCA also separated the equivalent samples obtained on day 1 (D1S1 and D1S3). OPLSDA modelling separated both the D2S1 and D2S3 samples and D1S1 and D1S3 samples. The metabolites affected by the exercise samples included a range of purine metabolites and several acyl carnitines. Some metabolites were subject to diurnal variation these included bile acids and several amino acids, the variation of these metabolites was similar on day 1 and day 2 despite the exercise intervention on day 2. Using OPLS modelling it proved possible to identify a single abundant urinary metabolite provisionally identified as oxo-aminohexanoic acid (OHA) as being strongly correlated with VO2max when the levels in the D2S3 samples were considered.
Keywords: VO2max; acylcarnitines; exercise metabolomics; high resolution mass spectrometry; purines.
Figures
Figure 1
Indicative representation of urine collection schematic. The first urine sample on each day was the first pass after waking (typically 6 am–8 am).
Figure 2
Separation of D2S3 (green) from the post exercise D2S1 samples (blue) by using PCA (R2X (cum) 0.548 Q2 (cum) 0.295, three components) following normalisation to individual metabolic output on day 2.
Figure 3
Separation of day 1 first void (D1S1 blue) and third samples (D1S3 green) by using PCA (R2X(cum) 0.536, Q2 (cum) 0.263, three components).
Figure 4
Separation of D2S1 (blue) and D2S3 (green) samples by using OPLSDA. R2X (cum) 0.35, R2Y (cum) 0.99, Q2 (cum) 0.77), three components). Based on 3078 features.
Figure 5
Separation of D1S1 (blue) and D1S3 (green) by OPLSDA (R2X (cum) 0.56, R2Y (cum) 0.997, Q2 (cum) 0.847, four components). Based on 3540 features.
Figure 6
Plot of measured against predicted VO2max against normalised levels of OHA.
Figure 7
Extracted ion trace for OHA isomers in urine comparing a pre- and post-exercise sample for samples D2S1 and D2S3 for a subject with VO2max 53.4.
References
- World Health Organization . Unhealthy Diets & Physical Inactivity. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2009. pp. 1–2.
- World Health Organization Deaths from Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. [(accessed on 23 February 2016)]. Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/
- World Health Organization . Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2009.
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases