New biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
New biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides
Hisashi Matsuda et al. J Nat Med. 2016 Oct.
Abstract
We review the biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica, such as antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, and gastroprotective effects in vivo, and antiallergic, pancreatic lipase inhibitory, and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. Although the biofunctional effects of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention has been given to those of the flowers and seeds of the tea plant. Our studies focused on the saponin constituents of the extracts of the flower buds of C. sinensis cultivated in Japan and China, and C. sinensis var. assamica cultivated in India, and we review their beneficial biofunctions for health promotion.
Keywords: Biofunctional effect; Camellia sinensis; Camellia sinensis var. assamica; Chakasaponin; Floraassamsaponin; Floratheasaponin; Flower buds.
Figures
Fig. 1
Chemical structures of acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides from the flower buds of C. sinensis cultivated in Japan and China, and C. sinensis var. assamica cultivated in India
Fig. 2
Effects of the MeOH extract of Fujian Chaka on body weight gain in high-fat diet-fed mice and Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mice. a Male ddY mice were fed a high-fat diet (45 kcal % fat, D12451; Research Diet, Inc.) or normal diet (10 kcal % fat, D12450B; Research Diet, Inc.) for 14 days. The test sample was given orally once a day. b TSOD and Tsumura Suzuki Non-obesity (TSNO) mice were fed a standard laboratory chow MF (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) for 28 days. The test sample was given orally once a day. Each value represents the mean with SEM (n = 6–10). Significant difference where *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 was compared with controls. Data were taken from reference [14]
Fig. 3
Effects of the MeOH extract of Fujian Chaka on food intake in high-fat diet-fed mice and TSOD mice. a Male ddY mice were fed a high-fat diet (45 kcal % fat) or normal diet (10 kcal % fat) for 14 days. The test sample was given orally once a day. b TSOD and TSNO mice were fed a standard laboratory chow MF (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) for 28 days. The test sample was given orally once a day. Each value represents the mean for 6–10 mice. Significant difference where *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 was compared with controls. Refer to Fig. 2 for other abbreviations. Data were taken from reference [14]
Fig. 4
Effects of the BuOH-soluble fraction of Fujian Chaka, chakasaponin II (12), desacyl-floratheasaponin B, and 5-HT on food intake in normal mice and/or capsaicin-pretreated mice. Male ddY mice were fed a standard laboratory chow MF (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) for 8 days. The test sample was given orally once a day. b, c These doses are equivalent to approximately 0.2–0.4 mg/kg serotonin. Each value represents the mean of 5 or 6 mice. Significant differences where **p < 0.01 and † p < 0.05 or †† p < 0.01 were compared with controls and capsaicin-treated group, respectively. Data were taken from reference [14]
Fig. 5
Effects of _n_-BuOH-soluble fraction and chakasaponin II (12) on neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels in mice. The test sample was given orally to male ddY mice once a day. Four days later, the hypothalamus was dissected out, and the NPY mRNA levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Significant difference where *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01 was compared with controls Data were taken and reproduced from reference [14].
Fig. 6
Appetite signals in the gastrointestinal−brain system. NPY neuropeptide Y, AgRP agouti-related protein, MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone, POMC proopiomelanocortin, NTS nucleus tractus solitaries, ARC arcuate nucleus, PVN paraventricular nucleus, LHA lateral hypothalamic area, CCK cholescystokinin, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1. CCK and GLP-1 secreted from the intestinal I-cells and L-cells stimulate each receptor and the signals are mediated through the afferent vagal nerves and NTS to reduce the expression of NPY and AgRP, and finally reduce the appetite. Stimulation of 5-HT2B receptor in the stomach by 5-HT from chromaffin cells in the intestine inhibits the release of ghrelin which stimulates the appetite through the afferent vagal nerves, and stimulation of the 5HT2C receptor in the hypothalamus stimulates POMC neurons to reduce the appetite
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