Matrix scaffolding for stem cell guidance toward skeletal muscle tissue engineering - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Matrix scaffolding for stem cell guidance toward skeletal muscle tissue engineering

Claudia Fuoco et al. J Orthop Surg Res. 2016.

Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of many types of fibrous structural proteins and glycosaminoglycans. This important cell component not only provides a support for cells but is also actively involved in cell-cell interaction, proliferation, migration, and differentiation, representing, therefore, no longer only a mere static structural scaffold for cells but rather a dynamic and versatile compartment. This aspect leads to the need for investigating new bio-inspired scaffolds or biomaterials, able to mimic ECM in tissue engineering. This new field of research finds particular employment in skeletal muscle tissue regeneration, due to the inability of this complex tissue to recover volumetric muscle loss (VML), after severe injury. Usually, this is the result of traumatic incidents, tumor ablations, or pathological states that lead to the destruction of a large amount of tissue, including connective tissue and basement membrane. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue engineering represents a valid alternative to overcome this problem.Here, we described a series of natural and synthetic biomaterials employed as ECM mimics for their ability to recreate the correct muscle stem cell niche, by promoting myogenic stem cell differentiation and so, positively affecting muscle repair.

Keywords: Biomaterials; Biomimetic scaffold; Extracellular matrix; Skeletal muscle; Tissue engineering.

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Fig. 1

Fig. 1

PF-embedded mesoangioblast grafted in an ablated TA lodge, showing full recovery of muscular morphology. a Surgical operation dislodging mouse TA. b Mesoangioblasts (Mabs) embedded into PF hydrogel scaffold located in the TA lodge. c Gross morphology of the TA injury at 40 days after massive muscle ablation, revealing the new artificial TA regeneration when grafted with PF-embedded Mabs

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