Endocannabinoids in the gastrointestinal tract - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
. 2016 Oct 1;311(4):G655-G666.
doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00294.2015. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
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- PMID: 27538961
- DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00294.2015
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Review
Endocannabinoids in the gastrointestinal tract
Yunna Lee et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016.
Free article
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system mainly consists of endogenously produced cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) and two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). This system also includes enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids and molecules required for the uptake and transport of endocannabinoids. In addition, endocannabinoid-related lipid mediators and other putative endocannabinoid receptors, such as transient receptor potential channels and other GPCRs, have been identified. Accumulating evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid system is a key modulator of gastrointestinal physiology, influencing satiety, emesis, immune function, mucosal integrity, motility, secretion, and visceral sensation. In light of therapeutic benefits of herbal and synthetic cannabinoids, the vast potential of the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has been demonstrated. This review focuses on the role of the endocannabinoid system in gut homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders associated with intestinal motility, inflammation, and cancer. Finally, links between gut microorganisms and the endocannabinoid system are briefly discussed.
Keywords: cancer; cannabinoid receptor; endocannabinoid; inflammation; intestine.
Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.
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