Polymorphisms in Cytokine Genes Are Associated With Higher Levels of Fatigue and Lower Levels of Energy in Women After Breast Cancer Surgery - PubMed (original) (raw)

Polymorphisms in Cytokine Genes Are Associated With Higher Levels of Fatigue and Lower Levels of Energy in Women After Breast Cancer Surgery

Kord M Kober et al. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016 Nov.

Abstract

Context: Little is known about the phenotypic and molecular characteristics associated with changes over time in fatigue and lack of energy in patients with breast cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify subgroups (i.e., latent classes) of women with distinct fatigue and energy trajectories; evaluate for differences in phenotypic characteristics between the latent classes for fatigue and energy; and evaluate for associations between polymorphisms in genes for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, their receptors, and their transcriptional regulators and latent class membership.

Methods: Patients were enrolled before and followed for six months after breast cancer surgery. Latent class analyses were done to identify subgroups of patients with distinct fatigue and energy trajectories. Candidate gene analyses were done to identify cytokine genes associated with these two symptoms.

Results: For both fatigue and lack of energy, two distinct latent classes were identified. Phenotypic characteristics associated with the higher fatigue class were younger age, higher education, lower Karnofsky Performance Status score, higher comorbidity, higher number of lymph nodes removed, and receipt of chemotherapy (CTX). Polymorphisms in interleukin (IL) 1β and IL10 were associated with membership in the higher fatigue class. Phenotypic characteristics associated with the lower energy class included: a lower Karnofsky Performance Status score and a higher comorbidity score. A polymorphism in IL1R1 was associated with membership in the lower energy class.

Conclusion: Within each latent class, the severity of fatigue and decrements in energy were relatively stable over the first six months after breast cancer surgery. Distinct phenotypic characteristics and genetic polymorphisms were associated with membership in the higher fatigue and lower energy classes.

Keywords: Fatigue; breast cancer; cytokine genes; energy; growth mixture modeling; symptom trajectories.

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Figures

Figure 1

Observed and estimated fatigue (Figure 1A) and energy (Figure 1B) trajectories for patients in each of the latent classes, as well as the mean fatigue and energy scores for the total sample.

Figure 2

A – Differences between the fatigue latent classes in the percentages of patients who were homozygous or heterozygous for the common allele (GG+GA) or homozygous for the rare allele (AA) for rs16944 in interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Values are plotted as unadjusted proportions with corresponding p-value. B – Differences between the fatigue latent classes in the percentages of patients who were homozygous or heterozygous for the common allele (TT+TC) or homozygous for the rare allele (CC) for rs3024496 in interleukin 10 (IL10). Values are plotted as unadjusted proportions with corresponding p-value.

Figure 3

Differences between the energy latent classes in the percentages of patients who were homozygous for the common allele (CC) or heterozygous or homozygous for the rare allele (CT+TT) for rss110726 in interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1R1). Values are plotted as unadjusted proportions with corresponding p-value.

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Polymorphisms in Cytokine Genes Are Associated With Higher Levels of Fatigue and Lower Levels of Energy in Women After Breast Cancer Surgery - PubMed (original) (raw)