The Influence of Methylsulfonylmethane on Inflammation-Associated Cytokine Release before and following Strenuous Exercise - PubMed (original) (raw)

The Influence of Methylsulfonylmethane on Inflammation-Associated Cytokine Release before and following Strenuous Exercise

Mariè van der Merwe et al. J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp). 2016.

Abstract

Background. Inflammation is associated with strenuous exercise and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Methods. Physically active men were supplemented with either placebo or MSM (3 grams per day) for 28 days before performing 100 repetitions of eccentric knee extension exercise. Ex vivo and in vitro testing consisted of evaluating cytokine production in blood (whole blood and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), before and through 72 hours after exercise, while in vivo testing included the evaluation of cytokines before and through 72 hours after exercise. Results. LPS stimulation of whole blood after MSM supplementation resulted in decreased induction of IL-1_β_, with no effect on IL-6, TNF-α, or IL-8. After exercise, there was a reduced response to LPS in the placebo, but MSM resulted in robust release of IL-6 and TNF-α. A small decrease in resting levels of proinflammatory cytokines was noted with MSM, while an acute postexercise increase in IL-10 was observed with MSM. Conclusion. Strenuous exercise causes a robust inflammatory reaction that precludes the cells from efficiently responding to additional stimuli. MSM appears to dampen the release of inflammatory molecules in response to exercise, resulting in a less incendiary environment, allowing cells to still have the capacity to mount an appropriate response to an additional stimulus after exercise.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Reduced induction of inflammatory cytokines with MSM supplementation immediately after exercise. IL-β (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), and IL-8 (d) concentrations (pg/mL) were determined in whole blood ex vivo cultures from blood collected at baseline (24 h before exercise), immediately after exercise (Time 0), and then at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after exercise. Results represent mean (n = 2, placebo; n = 3, MSM).

Figure 2

Figure 2

MSM reduces LPS-induced IL-1_β_ secretion. Cytokine secretion was determined after LPS stimulation of ex vivo whole blood cultures and measured by Luminex multiplex bead assay. (a) In the absence of exercise, LPS induces robust release of IL-1_β_, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. (b) Data from (a) are expressed as fold change from unstimulated samples. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 2, placebo; n = 3, MSM).

Figure 3

Figure 3

Exercise alters cytokine response to LPS. IL-1_β_ (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), and IL-8 (d) induced by LPS, with MSM supplementation allowing for more efficient release of IL-6 and TNF-α after exercise. Data are represented as fold change from unstimulated samples. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 2, placebo; n = 3, MSM).

Figure 4

Figure 4

Induction of IL-10 by exercise and LPS in ex vivo cultures. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 2, placebo; n = 3, MSM).

Figure 5

Figure 5

IL-1_β_ (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), and IL-10 (d) release from in vitro LPS-stimulated PBMCs isolated from blood collected before (baseline) or after (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) exercise. Results represent mean ± SEM (n = 2, placebo; n = 3, MSM).

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