Memory B Cells are Major Targets for Effective Immunotherapy in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis - PubMed (original) (raw)

Active DMD in MS physically or functionally deplete memory B cell activity. Depletion of CD19 +, CD27 + memory B cells following treatment of MS with: (A) alemtuzumab (Thompson et al., 2010). The results show the depletion of the absolute numbers of memory B cells over three treatment cycles. **P < 0.01. Reproduced by permission from Springer Science: J. Clinical Immunology. DOI:

10.1007/s10875-009-9327-3

. (B) Mitoxantrone (Duddy et al., 2007). The results show percentage reduction in the individual levels of CD19, CD27 memory B cell before (untreated) and one month after treatment. Reproduced by permission American Association of Immunology: Journal of Immunology. DOI:

10.4049/jimmunol.140011845

. (C) Rituximab (Palanichamy et al., 2014). The results show the percentage of memory B cells (CD19, CD27, IgD −) in blood before, in untreated (UNT) individuals, and at different time points after rituximab (RTX). ***P < 0.0001. Reproduced by permission American Association of Immunology: Journal of Immunology. DOI:

10.4049/jimmunol.140011845

. (D) Fingolimod (Grützke et al., 2015). The results are individual percentage of CD38, CD27 −, CD24 − mature/naïve cells (black); CD38 −, CD24 +, CD27 + memory B cells, CD38 +, CD27 −, CD24 +, CD5 + regulatory B cells in healthy controls (HC. Black dots) and people with multiple sclerosis who were untreated (MS. Red dots) or treated with oral fingolimod (FTY. Blue dots). *P < 0.05. Reproduced under creative commons license CC BY-NC-ND. DOI:

10.1002/acn3.155

. (E) Beta interferon (Rizzo et al., 2016). The results show a reduction in the individual percentage of CD19 +, CD27 + B memory cells before (T0) and one month (T1) after weekly treatment. *****P ≤ 0.00001. Reproduced by permission by the Nature publishing group and Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: Immunology & Cell Biology. DOI:

10.1038/icb.2016.55

. (Epub 2016 Jun 6). (F) Natalizumab (Planas et al., 2012) induced augmentation of circulating CD19 +, CD27, IgD − memory B cells. The result show individual values at baseline and at various time after natalizumab infusion.**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Reproduced by permission from Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH: European Journal of Immunology. DOI:

10.1002/eji.201142108

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