Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of Salvia sclarea essential oil - PubMed (original) (raw)

Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of Salvia sclarea essential oil

Haiying Cui et al. Bot Stud. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, essential oils are recognized as safe substances and can be used as antibacterial additives. Salvia sclarea is one of the most important aromatic plants cultivated world-wide as a source of essential oils. In addition to being flavoring foods, Salvia sclarea essential oil can also act as antimicrobials and preservatives against food spoilage. Understanding more about the antibacterial performance and possible mechanism of Salvia sclarea essential oil will be helpful for its application in the future. But so far few related researches have been reported.

Results: In our study, Salvia sclarea oil showed obvious antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of seven pathogens were 0.05 and 0.1 % respectively. In addition, Salvia sclarea oil also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and meats. After treated with Salvia sclarea oil, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images can clearly see the damage of cell membrane; the intracellular ATP concentrations of E. coli and S. aureus reduced 98.27 and 69.61 % respectively, compared to the control groups; the nuclear DNA content of E. coli and S. aureus was significantly reduced to 48.32 and 50.77 % respectively. In addition, there was massive leakage of cellular material when E. coli and S. aureus were exposed to Salvia sclarea oil.

Conclusions: Salvia sclarea essential oil damaged the cell membrane and changed the cell membrane permeability, leading to the release of some cytoplasm such as macromolecular substances, ATP and DNA. In general, the antimicrobial action of Salvia sclarea essential oil is not only attributable to a unique pathway, but also involves a series of events both on the cell surface and within the cytoplasm. Therefore, more experiments need to be done to fully understand the antimicrobial mechanism of Salvia sclarea essential oil.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antibacterial mechanisms; Essential oil; Salvia sclarea.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

The antimicrobial activity of Salvia sclarea oil of E. coli and S. aureus

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

a The antibacterial activity of Salvia sclarea oil of E. coli on chicken medium (b) The antibacterial activity of Salvia sclarea oil of E. coli on pork medium (c) The antibacterial activity of Salvia sclarea oil of E. coli on beef medium

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

SEM images of E. coli and S. aureus before (a, b) and after (c, d) Salvia sclarea oil treatment. Scale bar: E. coli (1 μm); S. aureus (2 μm)

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Changes in optical density at 260 nm of supernatant from E. coli and S. aureus cell suspension treated with Salvia sclarea oil

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

The cellular ATP concentrations of E. coli and S. aureus before and after Salvia sclarea oil treatment

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

DNA fluorescence images of E. coli and S. aureus cells before (a, c) and after (b, d) Salvia sclarea oil treatment

Fig. 7

Fig. 7

a The fluorescence density of DNA of S. aureus. b The fluorescence density of DNA of E. coli

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