Treatment of anxiety disorders - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
Treatment of anxiety disorders
Borwin Bandelow et al. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jun.
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, and others) are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and are associated with a high burden of illness. Anxiety disorders are often underrecognized and undertreated in primary care. Treatment is indicated when a patient shows marked distress or suffers from complications resulting from the disorder. The treatment recommendations given in this article are based on guidelines, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews of randomized controlled studies. Anxiety disorders should be treated with psychological therapy, pharmacotherapy, or a combination of both. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be regarded as the psychotherapy with the highest level of evidence. First-line drugs are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Benzodiazepines are not recommended for routine use. Other treatment options include pregabalin, tricyclic antidepressants, buspirone, moclobemide, and others. After remission, medications should be continued for 6 to 12 months. When developing a treatment plan, efficacy, adverse effects, interactions, costs, and the preference of the patient should be considered.
Los trastornos de ansiedad (trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de pánicolagorafobia, trastorno de ansiedad social y otros) son los trastornos psiquiátricos más prevalentes y están asociados con una alta carga de enfermedad. En la atención primaria los trastornos de ansiedad tienen a menudo un bajo reconocimiento y son subtratados. La terapia se indica cuando un paciente muestra un marcado distrés causado por el trastorno o sufre por complicaciones debidas a él. Las recomendaciones terapéuticas que se entregan en este artículo están basadas en guías clínicas, estudios de meta-análisis, revisiones sistemáticas y estudios controlados randomizados. Los trastornos de ansiedad deben ser tratados con terapia psicológica, farmacoterapia ylo una combinacíon de ambas. La terapia cognitivo conductual puede ser considerada la psicoterapia con el mayor nivel de evidencia. Los fármacos de primera línea son los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina y los inhibidores de la recaptura de serotonina/noradrenalina. No se recomiendan las benzodiacepinas para un empleo rutinario. Otras opciones terapéuticas incluyen pregabalina, antidepresivos tricíclicos, buspirona, moclobemide y otros. Después de la remisión, los medicamentos deben continuarse por unos 6 a 12 meses. Cuando se desarrolla un plan terapéutico se debe considerar la eficacia, los efectos adversos, las interacciones, los costos y la preferencia del paciente.
Les troubles anxieux (anxiété généralisée, trouble panique/agoraphobie, anxiété sociale et autres) sont les troubles psychiatriques les plus prévalents et ils s'associent à une morbidité importante. Les troubles anxieux sont souvent peu reconnus et peu traités en soins primaires. Le traitement est indiqué quand ces troubles causent une détresse manifeste chez le patient ou lorsqu'il souffre de complications. Les conseils de traitement donnés dans cet article sont basés sur des recommandations, des métaanalyses et des revues systématiques d'études contrôlées randomisées. Les troubles anxieux doivent être soignés par un traitement psychologique, une pharmacothérapie, ou une association des deux. Le traitement cognitivo-comportemental est considéré comme la psychothérapie ayant niveau de preuve le plus élevé. Les inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine et les inhibiteurs de la recapture de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline sont les médicaments de première ligne. Les benzodiazépines ne sont pas recommandées en routine. La prégabaline, les antidépresseurs tricycliques, la buspirone, le moclobémide et d'autres sont d'autres traitements possibles. Les médicaments doivent être poursuivis 6 à 12 mois après la rémission. Lors de l'élaboration d'un plan de traitement, il faut tenir compte de l'efficacité, des effets indésirables, du coût et de la préférence du patient.
Keywords: drug treatment; generalized anxiety disorder; panic disorder; psychotherapy; social anxiety disorder; treatment.
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