Distribution of three non-essential trace metals (Cadmium, Mercury and Lead) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria - PubMed (original) (raw)

Distribution of three non-essential trace metals (Cadmium, Mercury and Lead) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria

Oluwatosin Ebenezer Atobatele et al. Toxicol Rep. 2015.

Abstract

The distribution of non-essential trace elements in some vital organs of 11 fish species from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria was assessed between November 2010 and June 2011. The fish species belong to seven families; family Mormyridae, family Cyprinidae, family Hepsetidae and family Channidae each with one species; family Bagridae and family Clariidae each with two species; and family Cichlidae with three species. All families, except Clariidae and Channidae, are common in the daily catch from the reservoir. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the levels of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish organs. The concentration of toxic trace metals in fish ranged from 0.001 to 0.100 ppm (Cd), 0.000-0.067 ppm (Hg) and 0.001-0.125 ppm (Pb) dry weight. This study shows similarity (p > 0.05) in the distribution of Cd, Hg and Pb among fish species; and a non-uniform distribution of toxic trace metals within fish organs with Kidney > Liver > Gill ≥ Intestine ≥ Muscle. Canonical variate analysis shows clear discrimination of Clarias macromystax and Channa obscura for gill trace metal levels of Cd, Hg and Pb while Labeo senegalensis and Oreochromis niloticus were discriminated for liver trace metal values of Cd and Pb only when compared to other fish species studied. The discrimination of some fish species based on trace metals in the gills and liver suggests different regulatory strategies for trace metal accumulation. Variation due to comparison among different fish species from the same water body suggests that accumulation may be species dependent. Differential accumulation of toxic trace metals in fish organs makes them good bioindicators of freshwater contamination.

Keywords: Bio-indicator; Cichlids; Environmental contamination; Toxic metals; Tropical reservoir.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Map showing location of Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Overall mean values (with standard error bars) to show the pattern of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) accumulation in five organs of all fish species caught from Aiba Reservoir.

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Canonical variate analysis plot of gill concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb against sampled fish species with 95% confidence regions of means. The Canonical Variate mean (dark triangle) and 95% confidence region (circle) of toxic trace metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) liver concentration for fish species from Aiba Reservoir. The first two Canonical Variates accounted for 98.66% of the total variation. Key: Cau = Chrysichthys auratus; Ceb = Clarias ebriensis; Cma = Clarias macromystax; Cni = Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus; Cob = Channa obscura; Hod = Hepsetus odoe; Lse = Labeo senegalensis; Mse = Marcusenius senegalensis; Oni = Oreochromis niloticus; Sga = Sarotherodon galilaeus; Tzi = Tilapia zillii.

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Canonical variate analysis plot of liver concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb against sampled fish species with 95% confidence regions of means. The Canonical Variate mean (dark triangle) and 95% confidence region (circle) of toxic trace metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) liver concentration for fish species from Aiba Reservoir. The first two Canonical Variates accounted for 99.38% of the total variation. Key: Cau = Chrysichthys auratus; Ceb = Clarias ebriensis; Cma = Clarias macromystax; Cni = Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus; Cob = Channa obscura; Hod = Hepsetus odoe; Lse = Labeo senegalensis; Mse = Marcusenius senegalensis; Oni = Oreochromis niloticus; Sga = Sarotherodon galilaeus; Tzi = Tilapia zillii.

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