The influence of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in angiogenesis, metastasis, and prognosis of endometrial cancer - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
. 2017 Sep 19:10:4617-4624.
doi: 10.2147/OTT.S132558. eCollection 2017.
Affiliations
- PMID: 29033580
- PMCID: PMC5614795
- DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S132558
Review
The influence of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in angiogenesis, metastasis, and prognosis of endometrial cancer
Anna M Mahecha et al. Onco Targets Ther. 2017.
Abstract
Angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels) is essential in most of the body's physiological processes, such as in the normal functioning of the endometrium during and after the menstrual cycle. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are the mostly expressed angiogenic factors, especially, during the process of endometrial degeneration and remodeling. In carcinogenesis, tumor hypoxia-induced factors, through the process of "angiogenic switch", stimulate the production of angiogenic factors, particularly VEGF and MMP. Subsequently, these angiogenic factors are associated with degradation, differentiation, proliferation, and migration of vascular endothelial cells, enhancing the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor with oxygen and nutrients. This process is equally significant for tumor development and metastasis. Hence, like in other cancers, the overexpression of MMP and VEGF in endometrial cancer (EC) seems to play a significant role in its tumorigenesis and metastasis. This research will discuss the influence of MMP and VEGF on angiogenesis, metastasis, and the prognosis of EC as well as the clinical importance of the factors in the diagnosis of EC.
Keywords: angiogenic factors; angiogenic switch; endometrioid endometrial carcinoma; microvascular density.
Conflict of interest statement
Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
Figures
Figure 1
Influence of VEGF-A in EC. Abbreviations: EC, endometrial cancer; ECM, extracellular matrix; HIF, hypoxia-induced factor; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-A.
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