Gut Microbiota and Salivary Diagnostics: The Mouth Is Salivating to Tell Us Something - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Gut Microbiota and Salivary Diagnostics: The Mouth Is Salivating to Tell Us Something

Krishna Kodukula et al. Biores Open Access. 2017.

Abstract

The microbiome of the human body represents a symbiosis of microbial networks spanning multiple organ systems. Bacteria predominantly represent the diversity of human microbiota, but not to be forgotten are fungi, viruses, and protists. Mounting evidence points to the fact that the "microbial signature" is host-specific and relatively stable over time. As our understanding of the human microbiome and its relationship to the health of the host increases, it is becoming clear that many and perhaps most chronic conditions have a microbial involvement. The oral and gastrointestinal tract microbiome constitutes the bulk of the overall human microbial load, and thus presents unique opportunities for advancing human health prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy development. This review is an attempt to catalog a broad diversity of recent evidence and focus it toward opportunities for prevention and treatment of debilitating illnesses.

Keywords: biofilm; dental; medicinal food; microbiota; oral; salivary.

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Conflict of interest statement

K.S. owns shares in PhenoMatriX, Inc. No competing financial interests exist.

Figures

<b>FIG. 1.</b>

**FIG. 1.

Interconnected network of microorganisms: Major regions of the human body where bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists live in or on.

<b>FIG. 2.</b>

**FIG. 2.

Relative Composition (%) of the major phyla of bacteria found in microbiota samples. Data for Oral cavity, GI tract (gastric fluid), and GI tract (fecal) were from Tsuda et al. Skin microbiota composition was obtained from van Rensburg et al. Genital tract (vagina) information, from Miles et al., is highly variable (Firmicutes > Proteobacteria > Bacteroidetes > Actinobacteria >> other) and is not plotted. GI, gastrointestinal.

<b>FIG. 3.</b>

**FIG. 3.

The major salivary glands and the periodontium.

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