Cerebrospinal fluid chemokine patterns in children with enterovirus 71-related encephalitis - PubMed (original) (raw)

Jinling Liu et al. Sci Rep. 2018.

Abstract

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) as well as neurological complications, such as encephalitis. The chemokines involved in the migration of leukocytes have increasingly been implicated in infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Few studies have evaluated the levels of chemokines in HMFD children with EV71-related encephalitis. In the present study, we evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the chemokines IL-8, RANTES, MIG, MCP-1 and IP-10 in 99 children with EV71-related encephalitis and 22 children with febrile convulsion (FC). We found that the concentrations of IL-8, RANTES, MIG and IP-10 were significantly higher in HFMD children with encephalitis compared to patients with FC. Additionally, these four chemokines were dramatically reduced during convalescence. Inversely, the level of MCP-1 was lower in encephalitis patients than FC patients and was not significantly reduced during convalescence. Additionally, MIG was strongly correlated with IP-10 in encephalitis patients. Furthermore, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CSF MIG and IP-10 in distinguishing encephalitis from FC were 0.869 and 0.876, and the corresponding sensitivities/specificities were 67.7%/100.0% and 67.7%/95.5%, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that chemokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 infection.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

CSF chemokine concentrations in EV71-related encephalitis patients and febrile convulsion (FC) patients in the acute stage. (a) IL-8; (b) RANTES; (c) MIG; (d) MCP-1; (e) IP-10.

Figure 2

Figure 2

CSF chemokine concentrations in EV71-related encephalitis patients in the acute and convalescent stage. (a) IL-8; (b) RANTES; (c) MIG; (d) MCP-1; (e) IP-10.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Correlation analysis of CSF chemokine concentrations with CSF cytology variables in encephalitis patients depicted as scatter plots.

Figure 4

Figure 4

ROC analysis of CSF chemokines in the encephalitis and FC groups. (a) IL-8; (b) RANTES; (c) MIG; (d) MCP-1; (e) IP-10; (f) combination marker of five chemokines.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Interrelation analysis between the chemokines in encephalitis patients depicted as scatter plots.

References

    1. Wong SS, Yip CC, Lau SK, Yuen KY. Human enterovirus 71 and hand, foot and mouth disease. Epidemiology and infection. 2010;138:1071–1089. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809991555. -DOI -PubMed
    1. Lu J, et al. Enterovirus 71 disrupts interferon signaling by reducing the level of interferon receptor 1. Journal of virology. 2012;86:3767–3776. doi: 10.1128/JVI.06687-11. -DOI -PMC -PubMed
    1. Lin YW, et al. Lymphocyte and antibody responses reduce enterovirus 71 lethality in mice by decreasing tissue viral loads. Journal of virology. 2009;83:6477–6483. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00434-09. -DOI -PMC -PubMed
    1. Wang SM, et al. Pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis in pediatric patients: roles of cytokines and cellular immune activation in patients with pulmonary edema. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2003;188:564–570. doi: 10.1086/376998. -DOI -PubMed
    1. Charo IF, Ransohoff RM. The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. The New England journal of medicine. 2006;354:610–621. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra052723. -DOI -PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources