Value of Circulating Cytokine Profiling During Submaximal Exercise Testing in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - PubMed (original) (raw)

Value of Circulating Cytokine Profiling During Submaximal Exercise Testing in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Kegan J Moneghetti et al. Sci Rep. 2018.

Abstract

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous syndrome in which patients often experience severe fatigue and malaise following exertion. Immune and cardiovascular dysfunction have been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology. We therefore, examined whether cytokine profiling or cardiovascular testing following exercise would differentiate patients with ME/CFS. Twenty-four ME/CFS patients were matched to 24 sedentary controls and underwent cardiovascular and circulating immune profiling. Cardiovascular analysis included echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise and endothelial function testing. Cytokine and growth factor profiles were analyzed using a 51-plex Luminex bead kit at baseline and 18 hours following exercise. Cardiac structure and exercise capacity were similar between groups. Sparse partial least square discriminant analyses of cytokine profiles 18 hours post exercise offered the most reliable discrimination between ME/CFS and controls (κ = 0.62(0.34,0.84)). The most discriminatory cytokines post exercise were CD40L, platelet activator inhibitor, interleukin 1-β, interferon-α and CXCL1. In conclusion, cytokine profiling following exercise may help differentiate patients with ME/CFS from sedentary controls.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Clinical demographics of Controls and ME/CFS. There was a significant difference in MFI-20 between controls and participants with ME/CFS (A). Groups were similar with regard to maximal oxygen consumption (peak VO2) (B), however, MFI-20 did not correlate to peak VO2 (C). There was a reduction in absolute heart rate recovery slope in patients with ME/CFS when compared to controls (D).

Figure 2

Figure 2

Network of the change in cytokines with exercise. Vertex colors are dark blue for strongly negative average delta to dark red for strongly positive average delta. Degree of centrality of cytokines is represented by the diameter of its vertex. The diameter of a cytokine’s vertex is proportional to its quantity of direct direct connections (blue lines) with other cytokines. In (A) Controls: IL-5, TNF-alpha and IL-2 are richly connected while in (B) ME/CFS: CXCL10, VEGF and IL-15 are richly interconnected. IL-4 appeared to play a similar role in both networks.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Partial Least Square discriminant analysis to identify factors associated with ME/CFS case status. Kappa (κ) is coefficient of chance-adjusted agreement, here between observed case status and predicted case status from sPLSDA. Cross-validated discriminatory cytokines are those above the horizontal dashed red line. At Baseline (A) 18 hours post exercise (B) and delta change between A and B (C) Summary of sPLSDA with κ coefficients (D).

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