Tannins and Bacitracin Differentially Modulate Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens - PubMed (original) (raw)

Tannins and Bacitracin Differentially Modulate Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Juan María Díaz Carrasco et al. Biomed Res Int. 2018.

Abstract

Antibiotic growth promoters have been used for decades in poultry farming as a tool to maintain bird health and improve growth performance. Global concern about the recurrent emergence and spreading of antimicrobial resistance is challenging the livestock producers to search for alternatives to feed added antibiotics. The use of phytogenic compounds appears as a feasible option due to their ability to emulate the bioactive properties of antibiotics. However, detailed description about the effects of in-feed antibiotics and alternative natural products on chicken intestinal microbiota is lacking. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to study composition of cecal microbiota in broiler chickens supplemented with either bacitracin or a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins over a 30-day grow-out period. Both tannins and bacitracin had a significant impact on diversity of cecal microbiota. Bacitracin consistently decreased Bifidobacterium while other bacterial groups were affected only at certain times. Tannins-fed chickens showed a drastic decrease in genus Bacteroides while certain members of order Clostridiales mainly belonging to the families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were increased. Different members of these groups have been associated with an improvement of intestinal health and feed efficiency in poultry, suggesting that these bacteria could be associated with productive performance of birds.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Rarefaction curves of (a) number of OTUs and (b) Shannon's index, obtained based on 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 sequences. OTUs were picked using the UCLUST method with 3% dissimilarity in QIIME. Each curve corresponds to a single pooled cecal sample.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Effect of tannins and bacitracin supplementation on (a) the number of OTUs and (b) Shannon's diversity index of cecal microbiota over time. Bars indicate SD.

Figure 3

Figure 3

PCoA plot based on unweighted UniFrac metric. Each color represents a different dietary treatment (blue: control without additives; red: bacitracin; green: tannins). Numbers by each point indicate the age of sampling in days. Axes (PC1 = 30.7% and PC2 = 20.7%) account for 51.4% of total variation observed. Bars indicate SD.

Figure 4

Figure 4

FBR of CON, BAC, and TAN treated chickens over time.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Effects of tannins and bacitracin in the relative abundance of different bacterial groups of cecal microbiota over time. The heatmap in the right depicts the changes in the relative abundance of each of the taxa with respect to that observed in the control group (green: increased abundance; red: decreased abundance). Cells boxed with thick lines indicate statistically significant changes detected with STAMP.

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