Effects of isomaltulose on insulin resistance and metabolites in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: A metabolomic analysis - PubMed (original) (raw)

Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2018 Aug;18(2):2033-2042.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9223. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Affiliations

Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of isomaltulose on insulin resistance and metabolites in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: A metabolomic analysis

Takumi Kawaguchi et al. Mol Med Rep. 2018 Aug.

Abstract

Insulin resistance is associated with a poor prognosis in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Isomaltulose, a naturally‑occurring disaccharide, is reported to improve glucose and lipid metabolisms in obese patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of isomaltulose on insulin resistance and various metabolites in NAFLD patients. Five male patients with NAFLD consumed 20 g isomaltulose or sucrose (control). Changes in insulin resistance and metabolites were evaluated by alterations of serum C‑peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and metabolomic analysis from baseline to 15 min after the administration, respectively. There was no significant difference in changes of blood glucose level; however, the CPR level was significantly decreased in the Isomaltulose group compared to the control group (0.94±0.89 vs. ‑0.12±0.31, P=0.0216). In a metabolomic analysis, a significant alteration was seen in 52 metabolites between the control and Isomaltulose groups. In particular, the taurodeoxycholic acid level significantly increased approximately 12.5‑fold, and the arachidonic acid level significantly decreased approximately 0.01‑fold. Together, it present study demonstrated that isomaltulose improved insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. It was also revealed that isomaltulose affects taurodeoxycholic acid and arachidonic acid. Thus, isomaltulose may have a beneficial effect on insulin resistance through alterations of bile acid and fatty acid metabolisms in NAFLD patients.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Changes in variable after administration of sucrose or isomaltulose. Effects of sucrose or isomaltulose on variables were evaluated by change of each variable level from baseline (0 min) to 15 min after administration. Variable that increased or decreased after the administration was shown as positive or negative expression level (∆ variable or -∆ variable).

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Effect of isomaltulose on changes in blood glucose and serum CPR levels. The effect of isomaltulose on blood glucose (A) and serum CPR levels (B) was evaluated by changes in these variables from baseline to 15 min after sucrose (Control) or isomaltulose administration. P-values of <0.05 were considered significant. N.S., not significant; CPR, C-peptide immunoreactivity.

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Effect of isomaltulose on serum metabolite levels. With metabolomic analysis, significant alteration was seen in 52 metabolites between the Control and isomaltulose groups. Many of the 52 altered metabolites were seen in categories of bile acid (6 metabolites), fatty acid (6 metabolites), and glycine/serine metabolism (4 metabolites).

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Effect of isomaltulose on serum taurodeoxycholic acid, arachidonic acid, betaine, L-arginine, and L-ornithine levels. The effect of isomaltulose on serum (A) taurodeoxycholic acid, (B) arachidonic acid, (C) betaine, (D) L-arginine, and (E) L-ornithine levels was evaluated by changes in these variables from baseline (0 min) to 15 min after sucrose (Control) or isomaltulose administration. P-values of <0.05 were considered significant.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10:686–690. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.171. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: The epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:274–285. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kawaguchi T, Izumi N, Charlton MR, Sata M. Branched-chain amino acids as pharmacological nutrients in chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;54:1063–1070. doi: 10.1002/hep.24412. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kawaguchi T, Yoshida T, Harada M, Hisamoto T, Nagao Y, Ide T, Taniguchi E, Kumemura H, Hanada S, Maeyama M, et al. Hepatitis C virus down-regulates insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 through up-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Am J Pathol. 2004;165:1499–1508. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63408-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Younossi Z, Henry L. Contribution of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to the burden of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1778–1785. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.03.005. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources