Cholecystectomy Damages Aging-Associated Intestinal Microbiota Construction - PubMed (original) (raw)

Cholecystectomy Damages Aging-Associated Intestinal Microbiota Construction

Wenxue Wang et al. Front Microbiol. 2018.

Abstract

The intestinal microbiome is essential in humans to maintain physiological balance and nutrition metabolism. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to gallstone disease and cholecystitis can cause intestinal microbial dysbiosis, and following bile acid metabolism dysfunction, positions the patient at high risk of colorectal cancer. However, little is known regarding intestinal microbiota characteristics in post-cholecystectomy patients. Here, we compared the microbial composition of cholecystectomy patients with that of a healthy population. We determined that cholecystectomy eliminated aging-associated fecal commensal microbiota and further identified several bile acid metabolism-related bacteria as contributors of colorectal cancer incidence via elevation of secondary bile acids.

Significance statement: We identified aging-associated fecal microbiota in a healthy population, which was lost in cholecystectomy patients. Absent intestinal bacteria, such as Bacteroides, were negatively related to secondary bile acids and may be a leading cause of colorectal cancer incidence in cholecystectomy patients. Our study provides novel insight into the connection between cholecystectomy-altered gut microbiota and colorectal carcinoma, which is of value for colorectal cancer diagnosis and management.

Keywords: aging; bile acids; cholecystectomy; colorectal cancer; intestinal bacteria.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Alteration in aging-associated intestinal microbiota. (A) The number of OTUs identified by high-quality 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing in fecal samples from healthy volunteers of different ages. ***P < 0.001. (B) Alpha diversity of fecal microbiota from healthy volunteers of different ages. (C) Community hierarchical clustering analysis of healthy volunteers of different ages at the phylum level. Red color with high value (11.39) means high abundance of bacteria. Blue color with low value (0) means low abundance of bacteria. (D) Co-network plots of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on the fecal abundance of each OTU in the healthy population. Size of each pie correlates to the mean abundance of each OTU across all samples. H1, 20–29; H2, 30–39; H3, 40–49; H4, 50–59; H5, over 60 years old.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Alteration in cholecystectomy-induced intestinal microbiota. (A) Alpha diversity of fecal microbiota from cholecystectomy patients compared with the healthy population. (B) Unweighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of fecal microbiota from cholecystectomy patients and healthy controls. (C) Community hierarchical clustering analysis of healthy volunteers and cholecystectomy patients at the genus level. Red color with high value (11.39) means high abundance of bacteria. Blue color with low value (0) means low abundance of bacteria. (D) Significantly different abundance of fecal microbiota between healthy volunteers and cholecystectomy patients at the genus level. Genus co-network plots based on fecal abundance of bacteria in cholecystectomy patients (E). (F) Size of each pie correlates to the mean abundance of each genus across all samples. Comparison of aging-altered function (H1 vs. H5 or H4 vs. H5) and cholecystectomy-altered function (cholecystectomy vs. healthy). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. H1, 20–29; H4, 50–59; H5, over 60 years old. H, healthy control group; C, cholecystectomy patient group.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Fecal microbiota was not significantly altered with time post-cholecystectomy. (A) The number of OTUs identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing in fecal samples from cholecystectomy patients at different time stage. (B) Alpha diversity of fecal microbiota from cholecystectomy patients at different time stage. (C) Community hierarchical clustering analysis of cholecystectomy patients at different time stage at the genus level. (D) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of fecal microbiota from cholecystectomy patients at different time stage. Red color with high value (11.39) means high abundance of bacteria. Blue color with low value (0) means low abundance of bacteria. (E) Co-network plots of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on the fecal abundance of each OTU in cholecystectomy patients at different time stage. Size of each pie correlates to the mean abundance of each OTU across all samples. D1, 5–9; D2, 10–14; D3, over 15 years after cholecystectomy.

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