Identification and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiling of Infectious Bacterial Agents: A Review of Current and Future Trends - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Gaetano Maugeri et al. Biotechnol J. 2019 Jan.

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most worrying threats to humankind with extremely high healthcare costs associated. The current technologies used in clinical microbiology to identify the bacterial agent and profile antimicrobial susceptibility are time-consuming and frequently expensive. As a result, physicians prescribe empirical antimicrobial therapies. This scenario is often the cause of therapeutic failures, causing higher mortality rates and healthcare costs, as well as the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As such, new technologies for rapid identification of the pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are needed. This review summarizes the current technologies, and the promising emerging and future alternatives for the identification and profiling of antimicrobial resistance bacterial agents, which are expected to revolutionize the field of clinical diagnostics.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial susceptibility profiling; bacteria identification; clinical microbiology; diagnostic methods; infectious diseases.

© 2018 The Authors. Biotechnology Journal Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no commercial or financial conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Summary of current, emerging, and future technologies for the identification of bacterial pathogens and for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical diagnostics of infectious diseases. Current technologies are considered those that are nowadays in use in clinical settings, certified, and commercially available; emerging technologies are those entering the market and reaching regulatory approval; future technologies are those under development.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Typical procedures currently in place in clinical settings to provide identification of the pathogen agent and the profiling of antimicrobial susceptibility.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Detailed representation of the operation mode of technologies for pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of microbial pathogens A) and for antimicrobial susceptibility profiling B). Schematic workflow of Accelerate Pheno System for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing from positive blood cultures C). How Electronic Noses can profile bacterial volatile organic compounds D).

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