ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y.

Colin D Wilborn 2, Michael D Roberts 3, Abbie Smith-Ryan 4, Susan M Kleiner 5, Ralf Jäger 6, Rick Collins 7, Mathew Cooke 8, Jaci N Davis 2, Elfego Galvan 9, Mike Greenwood 10, Lonnie M Lowery 11, Robert Wildman 12, Jose Antonio 13, Richard B Kreider 14

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Review

ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations

Chad M Kerksick et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018.

Abstract

Background: Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key words 'sport nutrition'. Consequently, staying current with the relevant literature is often difficult.

Methods: This paper is an ongoing update of the sports nutrition review article originally published as the lead paper to launch the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition in 2004 and updated in 2010. It presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to optimization of training and performance enhancement through exercise training and nutrition. Notably, due to the accelerated pace and size at which the literature base in this research area grows, the topics discussed will focus on muscle hypertrophy and performance enhancement. As such, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) How ergogenic aids and dietary supplements are defined in terms of governmental regulation and oversight; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated in the United States; 3.) How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4.) General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5.) An overview of our current understanding of nutritional approaches to augment skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the potential ergogenic value of various dietary and supplemental approaches.

Conclusions: This updated review is to provide ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition with information that can be implemented in educational, research or practical settings and serve as a foundational basis for determining the efficacy and safety of many common sport nutrition products and their ingredients.

Keywords: Capacity; Dietary supplements; Double-blind; Efficacy; Ergogenic aids; Hypertrophy; Performance nutrition; Placebo-controlled; Position stand; Power; Randomized; Recommendations; Review; Sports nutrition; Strength; Weight gain.

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Conflict of interest statement

This paper was reviewed by the International Society of Sports Nutrition Research Committee and represents the official position of the Society.

Not applicable.

Authors of this paper have not received any financial remuneration for preparing or reviewing this paper. All authors report the following competing interests: CMK consults with and receives external funding from companies who sell supplemental protein, has received remuneration from companies for delivering scientific presentations at conferences and writes online, print and other media on topics related to exercise, nutrition and protein for related companies. Has served as an expert witness and provided testimonies related to exercise, supplementation and nutrition. CDW has received external funding from supplement companies to do research, served on multiple advisory boards for supplement companies, and has served as a consultant, advisor, and spokesperson for various nutrition companies. MDR has received academic and industry funding related to dietary supplements, served as a non-paid consultant for industry and received honoraria for speaking about topics discussed in this paper. He currently has no patents, stock or ownership in any companies doing business on topics discussed in this paper. RC is the attorney for numerous companies in the dietary supplement industry and has received payment for consultancy and the writing of lay articles discussing nutritional supplements. SMK has served as a paid consultant for industry; has received honoraria for speaking at conferences and writing lay articles about topics discussed in this paper; receives royalties from the sale of several exercise and nutrition related books; and, receives commission and has stock in companies that sell products produced from several ingredients discussed in this paper.

JND has no conflicts of interest to report. MBC has received academic and industry funding related to dietary supplements, served as a consultant for industry and received honoraria for speaking about topics discussed in this paper. EG has no conflicts of interest to report. MG has received external funding and nutritional product from companies who sell protein supplements and has received remuneration from companies for presenting scientific based nutritional supplement and exercise research at professional conferences. RJ has received grants to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary and food ingredients, serves on scientific advisory boards, and has served as an expert witness, legal and scientific consultant. LML has received academic and industry funding related to dietary supplements and honoraria from speaking engagements on the topic and has received payment for consultancy and the writing of lay articles discussing nutritional supplements. ASR has received grants to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements, serves as a scientific advisor for sports nutrition companies, and received remuneration from companies for presenting evidenced-based nutritional supplement and exercise research at professional conferences. RW has received industry funds for consultancy and employment related to dietary supplement development and marketing and currently works as the Chief Science Officer for Dymatize Nutrition. RBK has received externally-funded grants from industry to conduct research on dietary supplements and has served as a scientific and legal consultant.

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