Exercise intervention alters HDL subclass distribution and function in obese women - PubMed (original) (raw)
Clinical Trial
Exercise intervention alters HDL subclass distribution and function in obese women
Nicholas J Woudberg et al. Lipids Health Dis. 2018.
Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass. Exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We aimed to explore the effect of an exercise training stimulus on HDL functionality and subclass in obese women.
Methods: Thirty-two obese black South African women were randomly assigned to exercise (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or control (no exercise) conditions for 12-weeks. Pre- and post-testing included venous blood sampling for analysis of lipid profile and HDL functionality, by measuring cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, reduction in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression (anti-inflammatory function), paraoxonase (PON) (antioxidative function) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities (anti-thrombotic function). PON-1 and PAF-AH expression were determined in serum and in isolated HDL using Western blotting. Levels of large, intermediate and small HDL subclasses were measured using the Lipoprint® system.
Results: Exercise training resulted in a decrease in body mass index (- 1.0 ± 0.5% vs + 1.2 ± 0.6%, p = 0.010), PON activity (- 8.7 ± 2.4% vs + 1.1 ± 3.0%, p = 0.021), PAF-AH serum expression (- 22.1 ± 8.0% vs + 16.9 ± 9.8, p = 0.002), and the distribution of small HDL subclasses (- 10.1 ± 5.4% vs + 15.7 ± 6.6%, p = 0.004) compared to controls. Exercise did not alter HDL cellular cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory function.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential for exercise training to modify HDL subclass distribution and HDL function in obese women.
Trial registration: Clinical trials number: PACTR201711002789113 .
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidative; Cholesterol efflux; Exercise intervention; HDL structure; HDL subclass; Obesity.
Conflict of interest statement
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Cape Town (HREC REF: 054/2015), complies with Declaration of Helsinki principles and participants provided written consent prior to testing. Clinical trials number: PACTR201711002789113.
Consent for publication
Strict confidentiality of study participants was maintained throughout and no individual data is presented in the study.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Figures
Fig. 1
Distribution of HDL subclasses in participant sera in response to the intervention. Participant sera was analysed using the Lipoprint® system and analysed using Lipoware software. Representative scan results of control (a, d and g) and exercise (b, e and h) sera pre and post testing. Representative scan results (a, b, d, e, g and h). Changes in the percentages of large ©, intermediate (f) and small (i) HDL subclasses. VLDL,Very low density lipoprotein. Results are means ± SEM .** p < 0.005 significance for interaction
Fig. 2
Changes in reverse cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory function in response to the intervention. [3H-Cholesterol] was effluxed from RAW264.7 cells for 4 h prior to scintillation counting. Cholesterol efflux capacity represents the mean radiolabel present in culture media relative to that of an untreated control (a). HUVEC cells were treated with 10 μg/ml participant HDL prior to 20 ng/ml tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment for 8 h. Results are calculated relative to a no-HDL treatment control (b). Cell lysates were harvested and stored in RNAprotect reagent prior to RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis and quantitative real time PCR. Results as percentage changes relative to a baseline. Results are means ± SEM. VCAM, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule
Fig. 3
Changes in paraoxonase activity and protein expression in response to the intervention. Paraxonase activity of diluted sera was measured at A405 over a 20 min time interval using the paraoxon-ethyl substrate. One unit of activity is defined as 1 nmol of substrate disintegrated per minute (a). Participant sera (b and d) and isolated HDL (c and e) were run on reducing 12.5% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Ponceau S staining was used to confirm equal loading. Blots were probed with mouse anti-PON-1 antibody. Results are representative of randomized experiments (b) and (c). Results are presented as percentage changes in densitometry relative to a baseline in sera (d) and HDL (e). Results are means ± SEM.* p < 0.05 significance for interaction. PON, Paraoxonase
Fig. 4
Changes in PAF-AH activity and protein expression in response to the intervention. PAF-AH activity of diluted sera was measured at A412 over a 20 min time interval using the PAF Acetylhydrolase Assay Kit. One unit of activity is defined as 1 μmol of substrate disintegrated per minute (a). Participant sera (b and d) and isolated HDL (c and e) were run on reducing 12.5% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Ponceau S staining was used to confirm equal loading. Blots were probed with rabbit anti-PAF-AH antibody. Results are representative of randomized experiments (b) and (c). Results are presented as percentage changes in densitometry relative to a baseline in sera (d) and HDL (e).** p < 0.005 significance for interaction. PAF-AH, Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase
Fig. 5
Associations between HDL subclass, function and changes in body composition in response to the 12-week intervention. Baseline HDL anti-inflammatory function is plotted against baseline large HDL subclass distribution (a). Changes in WHR (b) are plotted against changes in large HDL subclass percentage. Changes in HDL function (PON activity (c)) are plotted against changes in small HDL subclass percentages. Values represent Pearson correlation coefficients. AU, Arbitrary units; WHR, Waist/hip ratio and PON, Paraoxonase
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References
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