The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017 - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017
Naomi Ellemers et al. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2019 Sep/Oct.
Abstract
We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and relations are well documented by existing data and which areas of inquiry are in need of further empirical evidence. An electronic literature search yielded a total of 1,278 relevant research articles published from 1940 through 2017. These were subjected to expert content analysis and standardized bibliometric analysis to classify research questions and relate these to (trends in) empirical approaches that characterize research on morality. We categorize the research questions addressed in this literature into five different themes and consider how empirical approaches within each of these themes have addressed psychological antecedents and implications of moral behavior. We conclude that some key features of theoretical questions relating to human morality are not systematically captured in empirical research and are in need of further investigation.
Keywords: moral behavior; moral emotions; moral judgment; moral reasoning; moral self-views.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Figures
Figure 1.
The psychology of morality: connections between five research themes.
Figure 2.
Indexed trends and regression coefficients for social psychology as a field and morality as a specialism, WoS, 1981-2017. Note. WoS = Web of Science.
Figure 3.
Trends in impact scores in morality, WoS, 1981-2017, indicating the average normalized number of citations (excluding self-citations; mncs), the average normalized citation score of the journals in which these papers are published (mnjs), and the proportion of papers belonging to the top 10% in the field where they were published (pp_top_perc). Note. WoS = Web of Science.
Figure 4.
Comparative trends in the development of research themes in morality research, 2005-2017.
Figure 5.
Number of studies addressing mechanisms at different levels of analysis, specified per research theme, 1940 – 2017.
Figure 6.
Publications on morality, 1996-2017. Note. Clustering and interrelations based on content analysis of publication titles and abstracts.
Similar articles
- A constructionist review of morality and emotions: no evidence for specific links between moral content and discrete emotions.
Cameron CD, Lindquist KA, Gray K. Cameron CD, et al. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2015 Nov;19(4):371-94. doi: 10.1177/1088868314566683. Epub 2015 Jan 13. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2015. PMID: 25587050 Review. - Morality in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review.
Dempsey EE, Moore C, Johnson SA, Stewart SH, Smith IM. Dempsey EE, et al. Dev Psychopathol. 2020 Aug;32(3):1069-1085. doi: 10.1017/S0954579419001160. Dev Psychopathol. 2020. PMID: 31489833 - The new synthesis in moral psychology.
Haidt J. Haidt J. Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):998-1002. doi: 10.1126/science.1137651. Science. 2007. PMID: 17510357 Review. - The Importance of Context in Moral Judgments.
Schein C. Schein C. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2020 Mar;15(2):207-215. doi: 10.1177/1745691620904083. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32129715 - The rise of moral cognition.
Greene JD. Greene JD. Cognition. 2015 Feb;135:39-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.018. Epub 2014 Dec 12. Cognition. 2015. PMID: 25498900 Review.
Cited by
- Morality through the lens of Confucian heritage countries: collective self variations and moral worldviews.
Takamatsu R, Park J, Matsuo A. Takamatsu R, et al. Front Psychol. 2024 Oct 2;15:1454425. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454425. eCollection 2024. Front Psychol. 2024. PMID: 39417031 Free PMC article. - Identifying the Shared and Dissociable Neural Bases between Self-Worth and Moral Ambivalence.
Li J, Wang S, Du T, Tang J, Yang J. Li J, et al. Brain Sci. 2024 Jul 22;14(7):736. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070736. Brain Sci. 2024. PMID: 39061476 Free PMC article. - Oxytocin, but not vasopressin, decreases willingness to harm others by promoting moral emotions of guilt and shame.
Zheng X, Wang J, Yang X, Xu L, Becker B, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Kendrick KM. Zheng X, et al. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Nov;29(11):3475-3482. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02590-w. Epub 2024 May 20. Mol Psychiatry. 2024. PMID: 38769372 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. - "It is very hard to just accept this" - a qualitative study of palliative care teams' ethical reasoning when patients do not want information.
Björk J. Björk J. BMC Palliat Care. 2024 Apr 5;23(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s12904-024-01412-8. BMC Palliat Care. 2024. PMID: 38575905 Free PMC article. - What We Do When We Define Morality (And Why We Need to Do It).
Dahl A. Dahl A. Psychol Inq. 2023;34(2):53-79. doi: 10.1080/1047840x.2023.2248854. Epub 2023 Sep 13. Psychol Inq. 2023. PMID: 38464457 Free PMC article.
References
- Abend G. (2013). What the science of morality doesn’t say about morality. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 43, 157-200.
- Agerström J., Björklund F., Carlsson R. (2012). Emotions in time: Moral emotions appear more intense with temporal distance. Social Cognition, 30, 181-198.
- Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
- Ajzen I., Fishbein M. (1974). Factors influencing intentions and intention-behavior relation. Human Relations, 27, 1-15.
- Aquino K., McFerran B., Laven M. (2011). Moral identity and the experience of moral elevation in response to acts of uncommon goodness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 703-718. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources