Serum Zinc Concentration and Sarcopenia: A Close Linkage in Chronic Liver Diseases - PubMed (original) (raw)
Hirayuki Enomoto 2, Kazunori Yoh 3, Yoshinori Iwata 4, Yoshiyuki Sakai 5, Kyohei Kishino 6, Naoto Ikeda 7, Tomoyuki Takashima 8, Nobuhiro Aizawa 9, Ryo Takata 10, Kunihiro Hasegawa 11, Noriko Ishii 12, Yukihisa Yuri 13, Takashi Nishimura 14, Hiroko Iijima 15, Shuhei Nishiguchi 16
Affiliations
- PMID: 30862022
- PMCID: PMC6462961
- DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030336
Serum Zinc Concentration and Sarcopenia: A Close Linkage in Chronic Liver Diseases
Hiroki Nishikawa et al. J Clin Med. 2019.
Abstract
We sought to investigate the influence of serum zinc (Zn) concentration on sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases (CLDs, n = 372, median age = 65 years, 147 liver cirrhosis (LC) cases (39.5%)). Sarcopenia was defined by low grip strength and low skeletal muscle mass. Study subjects were divided into the following three groups (High-, Intermediate-, and Low-Zn groups) based on the baseline serum Zn level. The impacts of serum Zn concentration on sarcopenia were examined. The median (interquartile range) serum Zn concentration for all cases was 72.85 (63.7, 81.45) μg/dL. The proportions of sarcopenia in the High-Zn, Intermediate-Zn, and Low-Zn groups were 10.75% (10/93), 11.23% (21/187), and 27.17% (25/92), respectively (P = 0.9046 (High vs. Intermediate), P = 0.0007 (Intermediate vs. Low), P = 0.0044 (High vs. Low), overall P value = 0.0009). The median serum Zn concentrations in patients with sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and control were 66.35, 73.1 and 73.8 μg/dL, respectively (P = 0.0234 (sarcopenia vs. pre-sarcopenia), P = 0.2116 (pre-sarcopenia vs. control), P = 0.0002 (sarcopenia vs. control), overall P value = 0.0016). In the multivariate analyses of factors linked to the presence of sarcopenia, Low-Zn was an independent predictor for all cases (P = 0.0236) and LC cases (P = 0.0082). In conclusion, Zn deficiency can be an independent predictor for sarcopenia in patients with CLDs.
Keywords: chronic liver disease; liver cirrhosis; pre-sarcopenia; sarcopenia; zinc.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Figures
Figure 1
Our classification based on the serum Zn concentration. The median (interquartile range) serum Zn concentration for all cases in the current analysis was 72.85 (63.7, 81.45) μg/dL. (A) Low-Zn group; patients with serum Zn concentration <63.7 μg/dL (first quartile). (**B**) Intermediate-Zn group; patients with 63.7 μg/dL <serum Zn concentration <81.45 μg/dL (second or third quartile). (**C**) High-Zn group; patients with serum Zn concentration >81.45 μg/dL (fourth quartile).
Figure 2
(A) The proportions of sarcopenia in the High-Zn, Intermediate-Zn, and Low-Zn groups. (B) Boxplots of serum Zn concentration in the High-Zn, Intermediate-Zn, and Low-Zn groups. The median (IQR) serum Zn concentrations in patients with sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and control were 66.35 (54.05, 77.425) μg/dL, 73.1 (60.4, 82.1) μg/dL, and 73.8 (67.2, 81.85) μg/dL, respectively.
Figure 3
Serum Zn concentrations in LC (n = 147) and non-LC (n = 225) patients. The median (IQR) serum Zn concentration for LC cases (63.8 (52.7, 74.4) μg/dL) was significantly lower than that for non-LC cases (75.8 (70.45, 84.45) μg/dL) (P < 0.0001).
Figure 4
Boxplots of serum Zn concentration in the High-Zn, Intermediate-Zn, and Low-Zn groups in patients with LC (A) and non-LC (B). In LC patients, the median (IQR) serum Zn concentrations in sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and control were 55.7 (43.15, 61.4) μg/dL, 64.6 (51.55, 77.325) μg/dL, and 66.4 (58.45, 74.175) μg/dL, respectively. In non-LC patients, the median (IQR) serum Zn concentrations in sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and control were 73.9 (66.9, 81.9) μg/dL, 75.4 (69.0, 86.0) μg/dL, and 76.5 (71.2, 84.3) μg/dL, respectively.
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