Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

. 2019 Jun;20(6):877-892.

doi: 10.1111/mpp.12794. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

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Review

Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea

Stefan Petrasch et al. Mol Plant Pathol. 2019 Jun.

Abstract

The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould, a commercially damaging disease of strawberry. This pathogen affects fruit in the field, storage, transport and market. The presence of grey mould is the most common reason for fruit rejection by growers, shippers and consumers, leading to significant economic losses. Here, we review the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, mechanisms of infection and the genetics of host plant resistance. The development of grey mould is affected by environmental and genetic factors; however, little is known about how B. cinerea and strawberry interact at the molecular level. Despite intensive efforts, breeding strawberry for resistance to grey mould has not been successful, and the mechanisms underlying tolerance to B. cinerea are poorly understood and under-investigated. Current control strategies against grey mould include pre- and postharvest fungicides, yet they are generally ineffective and expensive. In this review, we examine available research on horticultural management, chemical and biological control of the pathogen in the field and postharvest storage, and discuss their relevance for integrative disease management. Additionally, we identify and propose approaches for increasing resistance to B. cinerea in strawberry by tapping into natural genetic variation and manipulating host factors via genetic engineering and genome editing.

Keywords: disease management; fruit ripening; fruit-pathogen interaction; plant breeding; plant defence; primary infection; secondary infection.

© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Symptoms of Botrytis cinerea infections in strawberry. Panel A shows a senesced flower with B. cinerea mycelium growth. Panel B shows an advanced floral infection. Panels C and D show infections of fruit at different stages. An infected petal can be seen as the source of fruit infection in Panel D. Browning of leaves due to B. cinerea infections is shown in Panels E and F.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Botrytis cinerea disease cycle in strawberry. Sources of B. cinerea inoculum include infected leaves and sclerotia. Primary infections of flowers and secondary infections of fruit are depicted.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Progression of Botrytis cinerea infection in ripe strawberries. Inoculation was performed by wounding the fruit and adding a B. cinerea conidia suspension on the surface of the wound. Fruit are shown immediately after inoculation, and at 24 h to 96 h post‐inoculation (hpi). Wounded controls are included.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Ripening processes influence Botrytis cinerea infections of strawberries. Unripe fruit present unsuitable conditions for B. cinerea infection, while ripe fruit provide a favourable environment for pathogen growth. Pathogenicity factors are activated by B. cinerea during strawberry ripening and lead to increased susceptibility. ABA, abscisic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; PGIPs, PG‐inhibiting proteins; ROS, reactive oxygen species.

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