Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Cambodia during 2016-2017 - PubMed (original) (raw)
Observational Study
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Cambodia during 2016-2017
Janin Nouhin et al. Sci Rep. 2019.
Abstract
In Cambodia, little epidemiological data of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is available. All previous studies were limited to only small or specific populations. In the present study, we performed a characterization of HCV genetic diversity based on demography, clinical data, and phylogenetic analysis of HCV non-structural 5B (NS5B) sequences belonging to a large cohort of patients (n = 3,133) coming from majority part of Cambodia between September 2016 and December 2017. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that HCV genotype 1 and 6 were the most predominant and sharing equal proportions (46%). The remaining genotypes were genotype 2 (4.3%) and unclassified variants (3.6%). Among genotype 1, subtype 1b was the most prevalent subtype accounting for 94%. Within genotype 6, we observed a high degree of diversity and the most common viral subtypes were 6e (44%) and 6r (23%). This characteristic points to the longstanding history of HCV in Cambodia. Geographic specificity of viral genotype was not observed. Risks of HCV infection were mainly associated with experience of an invasive medical procedure (64.7%), having partner with HCV (19.5%), and blood transfusion (9.9%). In addition, all of these factors were comparable among different HCV genotypes. All these features define the specificity of HCV epidemiology in Cambodia.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
Figures
Figure 1
Phylogenetic trees of HCV NS5B sequences. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using the maximum likelihood (ML) method based on GTR + Γ + I (for HCV genotype none 6) and JC + Γ (for HCV genotype 6) models of nucleotide substitution with HCV genotype 8 as outgroup. (A) ML phylogenetic tree for HCV NS5B sequences from 1,691 Cambodian patients with HCV genotype none 6 (indicated in sky blue), and 285 GenBank reference sequences indicated in different colours (subtype 1a: orange; 1b: red; 2: green; 2a; magenta; 2b: purple; 2i: navy; 2m: golden red; 3: teal; 4: pink; 5: maroon; 6: yellow; 7: dark orange, and 8: dark purple). (B) ML phylogenetic tree for HCV NS5B sequences from 1,442 Cambodian patients with HCV genotype 6 (indicated in SkyBlue) and 285 GenBank reference sequences are indicated in different colours (genotype 1: red; 2: green; 3: teal; 4: pink; 5: yellow; 6a: salmon; 6e: magenta; 6h: medium purple; 6 l: dark slate grey 6n: turquoise; 6o: cyan; 6p: dark green; 6q: coral; 6r: dark golden red; 6s; rosy bran; 6t: olive; 6u: purple; 6xb: deep pink; 6xc: maroon; 6xf: brown; other subtypes within genotype 6 including 6b, 6c, and 6d, 6f, 6g, 6i, 6k, 6m, 6v, 6w, 6xa, 6xd, and 6xe: blue; 7: dark orange, and 8: dark blue).
Figure 2
Geographical distribution of HCV genotypes by province in Cambodia. Different-sizes circles represent study population size of each province.
References
- World Health Organisation. Global hepatitis report, 2017, ISBN 978-992-4156545-4156545 (2017).
- Smith, D. B. et al. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). HCV Classification. A web resource to manage the classification and genotype and subtype assignments of hepatitis C virus. at, https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv_wikis/flaviviridae/w/sg_flavi/56/hcv-cl... (2017).
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