Potential Biomarkers for Fat from Dairy and Fish and Their Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Cross-sectional Data from the LifeLines Biobank and Cohort Study - PubMed (original) (raw)

Observational Study

. 2019 May 17;11(5):1099.

doi: 10.3390/nu11051099.

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Observational Study

Potential Biomarkers for Fat from Dairy and Fish and Their Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Cross-sectional Data from the LifeLines Biobank and Cohort Study

Ilse G Pranger et al. Nutrients. 2019.

Abstract

Dairy fat intake, reflected by the biomarkers C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, trans-C16:1 (_n_-7), trans-C18:1 (_n_-7) and CLA, may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. It has, however, been questioned whether this association is genuine, since C15:0 and C17:0 are also biomarkers from fish. We investigated whether the above biomarkers are reliable markers for dairy fat intake in 864 healthy subjects. Subsequently, we explored the association between these biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors. Intakes of dairy and fish were determined by Food Frequency Questionnaires FFQs. Fatty acids were analyzed in plasma triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL). Median intakes of dairy and fish fat were 12.3 (8.4-17.4) g/day and 1.14 (0.53-1.75) g/day. All fatty acids, except TG C17:0, were associated with dairy fat (std.β range TG: 0.12 for C14:0 till 0.25 for C15:0 and Trans-C18:1 (_n_-7); and std.β range PL: 0.12 for C17:0 and Trans-C16:1 (_n_-7) till 0.24 for Trans-C18:1 (_n_-7) and CLA; p < 0.001). TG C17:0 was associated with fish fat (std.β = 0.08; p = 0.03), whereas PL C17:0 was not. Associations remained after adjustment for fish/dairy fat intake. Strongest inverse associations with biological variables were found with PL C17:0 and Trans-C18:1 (_n_-7) (Std.βs: waist circumference: -0.18, p < 0.001 and -0.10, p < 0.05; BMI: -0.17, p < 0.001, -0.11, p < 0.01; glucose: -0.10, p <0.01 and -0.08, p <0.05; high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): -0.22, p < 0.001 and -0.16, p < 0.01; uric acid: -0.27, p < 0.001 and -0.24, p < 0.001). In conclusion, fatty acid biomarkers, except plasma TG C17:0, were associated with dairy fat intake, independent of fish fat intake. PL C17:0 and trans-C18:1 (_n_-7) were inversely associated with adiposity, diabetes, inflammation and uric acid.

Keywords: biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; cardiovascular risk Factors; cross-sectional; dairy; fatty acids; fish.

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Conflict of interest statement

Two authors were funded by FrieslandCampina (I.G.P and S.J.L.B). One co-author is working as a researcher at FrieslandCampina (C.S.P). None of the other authors have any potential conflict of interest. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in the current study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of FrieslandCampina.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Association between circulating fatty acids from plasma triglycerides and phospholipids and dairy fat intake, adjusted for energy intake. * Equal or below significance level p ≤ 0.05. Abbreviations: β, beta; C14:0, Myristic acid; C15:0, Pentadecanoic acid; C17:0, Heptadecanoic acid; T-C16:1 (_n_-7), Trans-Palmitoleic acid; T-C18:1 (_n_-7), Vaccenic acid; CLA, Conjugated Linoleic acid; TG, Triglycerides; PL, Phospholipids.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Association between circulating fatty acids from plasma triglycerides and phospholipids and fish fat intake, adjusted for energy intake. * Equal or below significance level p ≤ 0.05. Abbreviations: β, beta; C14:0, Myristic acid; C15:0, Pentadecanoic acid; C17:0, Heptadecanoic acid; T-C16:1 (_n_-7), Trans-Palmitoleic acid; T-C18:1 (_n_-7), Vaccenic acid; CLA, Conjugated Linoleic acid; TG, Triglycerides; PL, Phospholipids.

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