Extracellular Vesicles in Mycobacterial Infections: Their Potential as Molecule Transfer Vectors - PubMed (original) (raw)

Figure 1

Components of mammalian exosomes. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles. Their lipid bilayer contain typical transmembrane proteins and receptors: tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82, CD13); signal transduction factors (MDRF, AFR1, CDC42, SLC9A3R1); adhesion molecules (lactadherin, ICAM, integrins); membrane trafficking proteins (annexins, Rabs, PGRL proteins); lipid raft-associated molecules (lbpA, lyn, flotillins/stomatin, cholesterol, sphingolipids); immunomodulatory molecules (LAMP1/2, CD80/86, MHC-I, MHC-II). Luminal proteins have stabilizing, structural, and metabolic functions: HSPs (Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90), cytoskeletal (vimentin, profilin, talin, actin, tubulin, cofilin), enzymes (ATPase, GAPDH, LDH, etc.), MVB biogenesis (alixs, tsg101, clathrin). Other EV components include DNA, mRNAs, miRNAs, cirRNAs, and lncRNAs.