Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide

Basak Donertas Ayaz et al. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Mar.

Abstract

Inflammation and gut dysbiosis are hallmarks of hypertension (HTN). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important freely diffusing molecule that modulates the function of neural, cardiovascular and immune systems, and circulating levels of H2S are reduced in animals and humans with HTN. While most research to date has focused on H₂S produced endogenously by the host, H2S is also produced by the gut bacteria and may affect the host homeostasis. Here, we review an association between neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis in HTN, with special emphasis on a potential role of H2S in this interplay.

Keywords: Gut microbiota; Hydrogen sulfide; Hypertension; Neuroinflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.

A) Schematic representation of the currently available methods of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection in biological samples, including colorimetric methods [–298], gas chromatography [299, 300], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [–303], headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) [304], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [–307], polarographic sensors [308], fluorescent probes [309, 310], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [311, 312]. These detection methods have several limitations, including detection sensitivity, expense, sample type etc. [313, 314]. Accurate measurement of biologically active H2S is challenging since H2S is a volatile gas and exists in the body in various forms, including free, acid-labile, and sulfane sulfur bound [315]. B) Methylene blue method [295] was used for the measurement of fecal H2S in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Fecal H2S levels were significantly lower in the adult male SHR compared to the age- and sex-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (SHR: 0±0.01703 Arbitrary Unit (AU) vs. WKY: 0.094±0.03385 AU, n=5 per strain; *p<0.05 by T-test, mean ± SEM).

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Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide - PubMed (original) (raw)