Hummingbird-sized dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Myanmar - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2020 Mar;579(7798):245-249.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2068-4. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Affiliations

• PMID: 32161388
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2068-4

Hummingbird-sized dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Myanmar

Lida Xing et al. Nature. 2020 Mar.

Retraction in

• Retraction Note: Hummingbird-sized dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Myanmar.
  Xing L, O'Connor JK, Schmitz L, Chiappe LM, McKellar RC, Yi Q, Li G. Xing L, et al. Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7822):652. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2553-9. Nature. 2020. PMID: 32699407

Abstract

Skeletal inclusions in approximately 99-million-year-old amber from northern Myanmar provide unprecedented insights into the soft tissue and skeletal anatomy of minute fauna, which are not typically preserved in other depositional environments1-3. Among a diversity of vertebrates, seven specimens that preserve the skeletal remains of enantiornithine birds have previously been described1,4-8, all of which (including at least one seemingly mature specimen) are smaller than specimens recovered from lithic materials. Here we describe an exceptionally well-preserved and diminutive bird-like skull that documents a new species, which we name Oculudentavis khaungraae gen. et sp. nov. The find appears to represent the smallest known dinosaur of the Mesozoic era, rivalling the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)-the smallest living bird-in size. The O. khaungraae specimen preserves features that hint at miniaturization constraints, including a unique pattern of cranial fusion and an autapomorphic ocular morphology9 that resembles the eyes of lizards. The conically arranged scleral ossicles define a small pupil, indicative of diurnal activity. Miniaturization most commonly arises in isolated environments, and the diminutive size of Oculudentavis is therefore consistent with previous suggestions that this amber formed on an island within the Trans-Tethyan arc10. The size and morphology of this species suggest a previously unknown bauplan, and a previously undetected ecology. This discovery highlights the potential of amber deposits to reveal the lowest limits of vertebrate body size.

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Comment in

• Tiny bird fossil might be the world's smallest dinosaur.
  Benson RBJ. Benson RBJ. Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7798):199-200. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00576-6. Nature. 2020. PMID: 32161381 No abstract available.

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References

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2. 1. Xing, L. et al. A feathered dinosaur tail with primitive plumage trapped in mid-Cretaceous amber. Curr. Biol. 26, 3352–3360 (2016). - PubMed - DOI
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4. 1. Xing, L.-D. et al. A mid-Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves) hatchling preserved in Burmese amber with unusual plumage. Gondwana Res. 49, 264–277 (2017). - DOI
5. 1. Xing, L.-D. et al. A flattened enantiornithine in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber: morphology and preservation. Sci. Bull. (Beijing) 63, 235–243 (2018). - DOI

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