Recent progress in understanding 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human respiratory disease: detection, mechanisms and treatment - PubMed (original) (raw)

Recent progress in understanding 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human respiratory disease: detection, mechanisms and treatment

Shuntong Kang et al. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May.

Abstract

Viral respiratory diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) always pose a severe threat to people. First identified in late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2) has affected many provinces in China and multiple countries worldwide. The viral outbreak has aroused panic and a public-health emergency around the world, and the number of infections continues to rise. However, the causes and consequences of the pneumonia remain unknown. To effectively implement epidemic prevention, early identification and diagnosis are critical to disease control. Here we scrutinise a series of available studies by global scientists on the clinical manifestations, detection methods and treatment options for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and also propose potential strategies for preventing the infection.

Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; Detection; Mechanism; SARS-CoV-2; Treatment.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

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Figures

Fig 1

Fig. 1

Structure of SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) spike (S) protein in the prefusion conformation. Side and top views of the prefusion structure of SARS-CoV-2 S protein with a single receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the ‘up’ conformation. The two RBD ‘down’ protomers are shown in either purple or red, and the RBD ‘up’ protomer is shown in green. Figure was modified from Wrapp et al. . SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019 novel coronavirus).

Fig 2

Fig. 2

Model of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) signalling pathway involved in SARS-CoV-induced CCL2 expression. Infection of lung epithelial cells with SARS-CoV induces casein kinase II (CK II)-mediated phosphorylation of the ACE2 receptor, leading to activation of ERK1/2 and AP-1 and upregulation of CCL2. The elevated level of CCL2 protein detected in the sera of SARS-CoV-infected patients may account for the development of lung fibrosis. Figure was modified from Chen et al. . SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; CCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2.

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