New Frontiers in Molecular Imaging with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs): Efficacy, Toxicity, and Future Applications - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

New Frontiers in Molecular Imaging with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs): Efficacy, Toxicity, and Future Applications

Viviana Frantellizzi et al. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Supermagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoparticles that have an iron oxide core and a functionalized shell. SPIONs have recently raised much interest in the scientific community, given their exciting potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications. The possibility to modify their surface and the characteristics of their core make SPIONs a specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging but also an intriguing family of tracer for nuclear medicine. An example is 68Ga-radiolabeled bombesin-conjugated to superparamagnetic nanoparticles coated with trimethyl chitosan that is selective for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. These receptors are expressed by several human cancer cells such as breast and prostate neoplasia. Since the coating does not interfere with the properties of the molecules bounded to the shell, it has been proposed to link SPIONs with antibodies. SPIONs can be used also to monitor the biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cells and take place in various applications. The aim of this review of literature is to analyze the diagnostic aspect of SPIONs in magnetic resonance imaging and in nuclear medicine, with a particular focus on sentinel lymph node applications. Moreover, it is taken into account the possible toxicity and the effects on human physiology to determine the SPIONs' safety.

Keywords: 68Ga-radiolabeled bombesin; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Molecular imaging; Review; SPION.

© Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine 2020.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestViviana Frantellizzi, Miriam Conte, Mariano Pontico, Arianna Pani, Roberto Pani, and Giuseppe De Vincentis declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

The figure shows a supermagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle with a core (radius between 5 to15 nm) and the radius of the whole core with shell and water coat (from 20 to 150 nm)

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Uptake of 99mTechnetium-nanocolloid in normal sized right superficial (A), left superficial (B), and left deep (C) inguinal LNs (arrows) seen in SPECT-CT (single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography) image

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

On the left a representation of 99mTc–Fe3O4–HEDP MNPs, on the right a planar image that shows the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in liver and bladder in a healthy mouse [52]

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

On the left, an image before injection and in the middle after DOTA–BN–TMC–MNPs injection through the tail vein under the 3 T magnetic field. The uptake of NPs is circled in yellow. In the image on the right, it is shown a PET/CT image of a nude mice with a T-47D BC tumor in the right leg: in yellow the uptake by the liver and tumor after the injection of 3.7 MBq 68Ga–DOTA–BN–TMC–MNPs after 120 min [54]

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