The genetic risk for hypertension is lower among the Hungarian Roma population compared to the general population - PubMed (original) (raw)

The genetic risk for hypertension is lower among the Hungarian Roma population compared to the general population

Beáta Soltész et al. PLoS One. 2020.

Abstract

Estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and risk factors among the Roma population, the largest minority in Europe, and investigating the role of genetic or environmental/behavioral risk factors in CVD development are important issues in countries where they are significant minority. This study was designed to estimate the genetic susceptibility of the Hungarian Roma (HR) population to essential hypertension (EH) and compare it to that of the general (HG) population. Twenty EH associated SNPs (in AGT, FMO3, MTHFR-NPPB, NPPA, NPPA-AS1, AGTR1, ADD1, NPR3-C5orf23, NOS3, CACNB2, PLCE1, ATP2B1, GNB3, CYP1A1-ULK3, UMOD and GNAS-EDN3) were genotyped using DNA samples obtained from HR (N = 1176) and HG population (N = 1178) subjects assembled by cross-sectional studies. Allele frequencies and genetic risk scores (unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (GRS and wGRS, respectively) were calculated for the study groups and compared to examine the joint effects of the SNPs. The susceptibility alleles were more frequent in the HG population, and both GRS and wGRS were found to be higher in the HG population than in the HR population (GRS: 18.98 ± 3.05 vs. 18.25 ± 2.97, p<0.001; wGRS: 1.4 [IQR: 0.93-1.89] vs. 1.52 [IQR: 0.99-2.00], p<0.01). Twenty-seven percent of subjects in the HR population were in the bottom fifth (GRS ≤ 16) of the risk allele count compared with 21% of those in the HG population. Thirteen percent of people in the HR group were in the top fifth (GRS ≥ 22) of the GRS compared with 21% of those in the HG population (p<0.001), i.e., the distribution of GRS was found to be left-shifted in the HR population compared to the HG population. The Roma population seems to be genetically less susceptible to EH than the general one. These results support preventive efforts to lower the risk of developing hypertension by encouraging a healthy lifestyle.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare here that the above mentioned manuscript has not been published or accepted for publication elsewhere and not under editorial review for publication elsewhere; and that our institute (University of Debrecen, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine) is fully aware of this submission. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1

Fig 1. LD pattern of SNPs associated with hypertension for the HG (upper) and HR (lower) populations.

Linkage analysis were conducted separately in the study populations. According to the LD map which generated by Haploview software (version 4.1), there were not observed multicollinearity between the polymorphisms, based on the LD pattern none of the pairwise LD of the studied SNPs reached the r2 threshold of ≥0.8, thus it was not necessary to prune SNP from the analysis. The numbers above the LD plot show the rs numbers of SNPs. Numbers in squares are r2 values. The colour scheme is the r2 colour scheme (white r2 = 0, shades of grey 0 < r2 < 1).

Fig 2

Fig 2. The distributions of GRSs in the HG (black) and HR (white) populations were significantly different (p<0.001).

Fig 3

Fig 3

Distributions of wGRSs in the HG (grey) and HR populations (white) were significantly different (p<0.01).

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This research was supported by the TÁMOP 4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0031 ‘Social Renewal Operational Programme – IGEN-HUNGARIAN’ and the GINOP-2.3.2-15- 2016-00005 project. The projects were co-financed by the European Union and the European Regional Development Fund.

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