Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Ginger Essential Oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus - PubMed (original) (raw)

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Ginger Essential Oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Xin Wang et al. Molecules. 2020.

Abstract

Though essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity against food pathogens, their underlying mechanism is understudied. We extracted ginger essential oil (GEO) using supercritical CO2 and steam distillation. A chemical composition comparison by GC-MS showed that the main components of the extracted GEOs were zingiberene and α-curcumene. Their antibacterial activity and associated mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) of GEO against S. aureus was 17.1 mm, with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.0 mg/mL, and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of 2.0 mg/mL. For E. coli, the DIZ was 12.3 mm with MIC and MBC values of 2.0 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that some of the electrophoretic bacterial cell proteins bands disappeared with the increase in GEO concentration. Consequently, the nucleic acids content of bacterial suspension was raised significantly and the metabolic activity of bacteria was markedly decreased. GEO could thus inhibit the expression of some genes linked to bacterial energy metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell membrane-related proteins, and DNA metabolism. Our findings speculate the bactericidal effects of GEO primarily through disruption of the bacterial cell membrane indicating its suitability in food perseveration.

Keywords: antibacterial mechanism; bacteria lysis-related gene; bacterial cell membrane; chemical composition; ginger essential oil.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Determination of diameter of inhibition zone in GEO (16 mg/mL) treated E. coli (A) and S. aureus (B). In (A), the left and right corner represent GEO treated E. coli. In (B), the left and right corner represent GEO treated S. aureus. In (A) and (B), the middle spot represents the control group without GEO.

Figure 2

Effect of GEO on the growth of E. coli (A) and S. aureus (B).

Figure 3

Effect of different concentrations of GEO on MP of E. coli and S. aureus. The P < 0.05 represents the significant differences which are depicted in the form of alphabets (the capital and small letters represent the different organisms and different superscripts represent significant differences.).

Figure 4

The gel electrophoresis picture of E. coli and S. aureus intracellular proteins.

Figure 5

Effect of GEO on intracellular proteins content of E. coil (A) and S. aureus (B). The P < 0.05 represents the significant differences which are depicted in the form of alphabets (a, b, and c).

Figure 6

Effect of GEO on cell membrane integrity of E. coli (A) and S. aureus (B).

Figure 7

Effect of different concentrations GEO on expression of Lysis-Related Genes in E. coli (A,B) and S. aureus (C,D). The P < 0.05 represents the significant differences which are depicted in the form of alphabets (a, b, and c).

Figure 8

Possible antibacterial mechanism of action of GEO.

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Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Ginger Essential Oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus - PubMed (original) (raw)