Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2021 Mar 8;106(3):e1343-e1353.

doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa733.

Daniel Nan 1 2, Marta Fernandez-Ayala 1, Mayte García-Unzueta 3, Miguel A Hernández-Hernández 4, Marcos López-Hoyos 5, Pedro Muñoz-Cacho 6, José M Olmos 1 2, Manuel Gutiérrez-Cuadra 7, Juan J Ruiz-Cubillán 8, Javier Crespo 9 2, Víctor M Martínez-Taboada 10 2

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Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

José L Hernández et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021.

Abstract

Background: The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of debate.

Objectives: To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the possible influence of vitamin D status on disease severity.

Methods: Retrospective case-control study of 216 COVID-19 patients and 197 population-based controls. Serum 25OHD levels were measured in both groups. The association of serum 25OHD levels with COVID-19 severity (admission to the intensive care unit, requirements for mechanical ventilation, or mortality) was also evaluated.

Results: Of the 216 patients, 19 were on vitamin D supplements and were analyzed separately. In COVID-19 patients, mean ± standard deviation 25OHD levels were 13.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL, compared with 20.9 ± 7.4 ng/mL in controls (P < .0001). 25OHD values were lower in men than in women. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 82.2% of COVID-19 cases and 47.2% of population-based controls (P < .0001). 25OHD inversely correlates with serum ferritin (P = .013) and D-dimer levels (P = .027). Vitamin D-deficient COVID-19 patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raised serum ferritin and troponin levels, as well as a longer length of hospital stay than those with serum 25OHD levels ≥20 ng/mL. No causal relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity as a combined endpoint or as its separate components.

Conclusions: 25OHD levels are lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in population-based controls and these patients had a higher prevalence of deficiency. We did not find any relationship between vitamin D concentrations or vitamin deficiency and the severity of the disease.

Keywords: 25OHD; COVID-19; PTH; SARS-CoV-2 infection.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figures

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Serum vitamin D levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without active oral vitamin D supplements and population-based controls, according to gender. Grey bars represent men and white bars represent women.

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Percentage of COVID-19 cases (excluding those on vitamin D at admission) and controls according to different intervals of serum 25OHD levels.

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Correlation between serum 25OHD and inflammatory markers (ferritin, A; D-dimer, B; and C-reactive protein, C).

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