Gastric emptying of solutions containing the natural sweetener erythritol and effects on gut hormone secretion in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study - PubMed (original) (raw)

Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2021 Jun;23(6):1311-1321.

doi: 10.1111/dom.14342. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Jürgen Drewe 3, Wout Verbeure 4, Carel W le Roux 5, Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira 5, Jens F Rehfeld 6, Jens J Holst 7, Bolette Hartmann 7, Jan Tack 4, Ralph Peterli 8, Christoph Beglinger 1 2, Anne C Meyer-Gerspach 1 2

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Randomized Controlled Trial

Gastric emptying of solutions containing the natural sweetener erythritol and effects on gut hormone secretion in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study

Bettina K Wölnerhanssen et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Aim: To determine whether a dose-dependent effect in the stimulation of gut hormone release (plasma cholecystokinin [CCK], active glucagon-like peptide-1 [aGLP-1] and peptide tyrosine tyrosine [PYY]) is found for the natural sweetener erythritol.

Materials and methods: Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received solutions with 10, 25 or 50 g erythritol, or tap water enriched with 13 C-sodium acetate on four study days via a nasogastric tube in this randomized (active treatments), placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Blood samples and breath samples (13 C-sodium acetate method for measurement of gastric emptying [GE]) were taken at regular intervals, and sensations of appetite and gastrointestinal symptoms were rated.

Results: We found (a) a dose-dependent stimulation of CCK, aGLP-1 and PYY, and slowing of GE, (b) no effect on blood glucose, insulin, motilin, glucagon or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, (c) no effect on blood lipids and uric acid, and (d) no abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting.

Conclusions: Solutions with 10 and 50 g of erythritol stimulated gut hormone release. Emptying of erythritol-containing solutions from the stomach was slower compared with placebo. There was no effect on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, blood lipids or uric acid. All doses were well tolerated.

Keywords: appetite-related sensations; blood lipids; erythritol; gastric emptying; gastrointestinal symptoms; gut hormones; natural sweeteners; uric acid.

© 2021 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 1

Effect of erythritol on plasma concentrations of gut hormones. A, cholecystokinin (CCK), B, active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (aGLP‐1), C, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), D, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), E, motilin, and F, dose–response evaluation. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, absolute values are reported. N = 7 (placebo), n = 12 (erythritol treatments). Statistical tests: linear mixed‐effects modeling followed by Šidak post hoc test in case of overall significance. Results of the statistical analysis are shown in Table 1

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 2

Effect of erythritol on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon. A, Glucose, B, insulin, and C, glucagon. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, absolute values are reported. N = 7 (placebo), n = 12 (erythritol treatments). Statistical tests: linear mixed‐effects modeling followed by Šidak post hoc test in case of overall significance. Results of the statistical analysis are shown in Table 2

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