Different Weight Loss Intervention Approaches Reveal a Lack of a Common Pattern of Gut Microbiota Changes - PubMed (original) (raw)

Different Weight Loss Intervention Approaches Reveal a Lack of a Common Pattern of Gut Microbiota Changes

Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso et al. J Pers Med. 2021.

Abstract

Options for treatment of obesity include dietary approaches and bariatric surgery. Previous studies have shown that weight loss interventions have an impact on gut microbiota. However, a pattern of gut microbiota changes associated with weight loss independently of the type of intervention has not been described yet. This study includes 61 individuals who followed different weight loss strategies in three different trials: 21 followed a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), 18 followed a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) and 22 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery (BS). Gut microbiota profile was assessed by next-generation sequencing. A common taxon that had significantly changed within the three weight loss interventions could not be find. At the family level, Clostiridiaceae significantly increased its abundance with MedDiet and VLCKD, whilst Porphyromonadacean and Rikenellaceae significantly increased with VLCKD and BS. At genus level, in VLCKD and BS, Parabacteroides and Alistipes significantly increased their abundance whilst Lactobacillus decreased. At the species level, BS and VLCKD produced an increase in Parabacteroides distasonis and a decrease in Eubactierium ventriosum and Lactobacillus rogosae, whilst Orodibacter splanchnicus increased its abundance after the BS and MedDiet. Predicted metagenome analysis suggested that most of the changes after VLCKD were focused on pathways related to biosynthesis and degradation/utilization/assimilation, while BS seems to decrease most of the biosynthesis pathways. MedDiet was enriched in several pathways related to fermentation to short-chain fatty acids. Our results show that weight loss is not associated with a specific pattern of gut microbiota changes independently of the strategy used. Indeed, gut microbiota changes according to type of weight loss intervention.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; bariatric surgery; gut microbiota; very-low-calorie ketogenic diet; weight loss.

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Conflict of interest statement

IS is the medical director of Pronokal Spain SL. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose. The funders had no role in study design, implementation, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, the decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

α-diversity indexes at baseline and the end of the study in the three interventions. MedDiet: Mediterranean Diet group (n = 21). BS: Bariatric surgery group (n = 22). VLCKD: very-low calorie ketogenic diet group (n = 18). Pre: at baseline. Post: at the end of the intervention.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Taxon that changed significantly in each intervention at different taxonomic levels. In red color: taxon that decreased their abundance at the end of the intervention. In black color: taxon that increased their abundance at the end of the intervention. MedDiet: Mediterranean Diet group (n = 21). BS: Bariatric surgery group (n = 22). VLCKD: very-low calorie ketogenic diet group (n = 18).

Figure 3

Figure 3

Venn diagram of the core microbiomes shared among the 85% of the samples at different taxonomic level. MD-pre: Mediterranean Diet at baseline. MD-post: Mediterranean Diet at the end of the intervention (n = 21). BS-pre: Bariatric surgery at baseline. BS-post: Bariatric surgery at the end of the intervention (n = 22). VLCKD-pre: very-low calorie ketogenic dietat baseline. VLCK-post: very-low calorie ketogenic diet at the end of the intervention (n = 18).

Figure 4

Figure 4

Relative abundance of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that changed significantly after each intervention. MD-pre: Mediterranean Diet at baseline. MD-post: Mediterranean Diet at the end of the intervention (n = 21). BS-pre: Bariatric surgery at baseline. BS-post: Bariatric surgery at the end of the intervention (n = 22). VLCKD-pre: very-low calorie ketogenic diet at baseline. VLCK-post: very-low calorie ketogenic diet at the end of the intervention (n = 18).

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