Extraction of Carotenoids from Pumpkin Peel and Pulp: Comparison between Innovative Green Extraction Technologies (Ultrasonic and Microwave-Assisted Extractions Using Corn Oil) - PubMed (original) (raw)

Extraction of Carotenoids from Pumpkin Peel and Pulp: Comparison between Innovative Green Extraction Technologies (Ultrasonic and Microwave-Assisted Extractions Using Corn Oil)

Minaxi Sharma et al. Foods. 2021.

Abstract

Natural pigments improve aesthetic value as well as antioxidant potential of a food product. This study was designed to determine the effects of green extraction techniques on carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of pulp and peel of two varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Innovative green extractions (IGE; Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extractions) synergised with corn oil (used as green solvent) were compared with conventional extraction (CE; hexane/isopropyl alcohol; 60:40, v/v). Results showed total carotenoids to be almost double on employing IGE (PM2-UAE-peel = 38.03 ± 4.21; PM4-UAE-peel = 33.78 ± 1.76 µg/g) when compared to conventional extraction (PM2-CE-peel = 19.21 ± 4.39; PM4-CE-peel = 16.21 ± 2.52 µg/g). Polyphenolic contents ranged between 510.69 ± 5.50 and 588.68 ± 7.26 mg GAE/100 g of extract in IGE, compared with conventional extracts (269.50 ± 2.17 to 318.46 ± 6.60 mg GAE/100 g) and percent inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranging between 88.32 ± 1.51 and 93.53 ± 0.30% in IGE when compared with conventional extraction (50.61 ± 1.44 to 57.79 ± 2.09%). Further, oxidative stability of carotenoids extracts from IGE (protection factor = 1.59 ± 0.01 to 1.81 ± 0.05) were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than conventional extracts. Based on results, this study supports the use of innovative green extraction techniques to obtain bioactive pigments like carotenoids. It is anticipated that results generated will find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Keywords: antioxidant potential; carotenoids; corn oil; green extraction; microwave-assisted extraction; pumpkin; ultrasound-assisted extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Process for the production of carotenoid extracts using different extraction methods (A) conventional extraction (CE) using organic solvents, (B) ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using corn oil as green solvent, and (C) microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using corn oil as green solvent.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Effect of different extraction methods on the total carotenoids contents (µg/g of oil extracts) of pumpkin extracts in corn oil.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Effect of different extraction methods on total phenolic content (TPC) (mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of extract) of peel and pulp extracts of pumpkin in corn oil.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Effect of different extraction methods on the % inhibition of free radical by DPPH assay of pumpkin extracts in corn oil.

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