Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: three random population-based studies - PubMed (original) (raw)

Meta-Analysis

doi: 10.1111/apt.16372. Epub 2021 May 13.

Nicholas Powell 3, Marjorie M Walker 1 2, Mike P Jones 2 4, Jukka Ronkainen 5 6, Anna Forsberg 7, Lars Kjellström 8, Per M Hellström 9, Pertti Aro 10, Bengt Wallner 11, Lars Agréus 12, Anna Andreasson 4 7 13

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Meta-Analysis

Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: three random population-based studies

Nicholas J Talley et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Background: It is uncertain if functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are linked to smoking, and smoking cessation is not part of the routine advice provided to these patients.

Aim: To assess if smoking is an independent risk factor for FD and IBS.

Methods: Three population-based endoscopy studies in Sweden with 2560 community individuals in total (mean age 51.5 years, 46% male). IBS (14.9%), FD (33.5%), and associated symptoms were assessed using the validated abdominal symptom questionnaire, and smoking (17.9%) was obtained from standardised questions during a clinic visit. The effect of smoking on symptom status was analysed in an individual person data meta-analysis using mixed effect logistic regression, adjusted for snuffing, age and sex.

Results: Individuals smoking cigarettes reported significantly higher odds of postprandial distress syndrome (FD-PDS) (OR 10-19 cig/day = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.98 P = 0.027, OR ≥20 cig/day = 2.16, 95% CI 1.38-3.38, P = 0.001) but not epigastric pain. Individuals smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day reported significantly higher odds of IBS-diarrhoea (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12-5.16, P = 0.025), diarrhoea (OR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.28-3.16, P = 0.003), urgency (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.41-3.47, P = 0.001) and flatus (OR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.14-2.76, P = 0.012) than non-smokers. Smoking was not associated with IBS-constipation or IBS-mixed.

Conclusion: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for postprandial distress syndrome, the most common FD subgroup, with over a twofold increased odds of PDS in heavy smokers. The role of smoking in IBS-diarrhoea, but not constipation, is also likely important.

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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