Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs - PubMed (original) (raw)

Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs

Yin-E Liu et al. Toxics. 2021.

Abstract

Five types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with average total concentrations of 1.4-13 ng/g ww and 858-5503 ng/g ww in black-spotted frogs, 3.6-46 ng/g ww and 355-3504 ng/g ww in bullfrogs. Significant differences in pollutant concentrations among different tissues in the two frog species were found, indicating the specific selectivity distribution of PFRs and plasticizers. Overall, liver tissues exhibited significantly higher pollutant concentrations. The pollutant concentration ratios of other tissue to the sum of liver tissue and other tissues (OLR, _C_other/(_C_other + _C_liver)) corresponding to male frogs were significantly greater than those of females, suggesting that male frogs could have higher metabolic potentials for PFRs and plasticizers. No obvious correlations between OLR and log _K_OW were found, indicating that the other factors (e.g., bioaccumulation pathway and metabolism) besides lipophicity could influence the deposition of PFRs and plasticizers in frog livers. Different parental transfer patterns for PFRs and plasticizers were observed in frogs when using different tissues as parental tissues. Moreover, the liver tissues had similar parental transfer mechanism with muscle tissues.

Keywords: frog; organophosphorus flame retardants; plasticizers; tissue-specific accumulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Compositions of PFRs and plasticizers in each tissue of black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs. F and M represent female and male, respectively. Data on the tissues of muscle and egg/gonad were taken from our previous study [24].

Figure 2

Figure 2

OLR values in (A) black-spotted frogs and (B) bullfrogs. Error bars represent standard errors. F and M represent female and male, respectively. Data on the tissues of muscle and egg/gonad taken from our previous study [24].

Figure 3

Figure 3

Relationships between the parental transfer ratios accessed by using different tissues as parental tissues with log _K_OW of PFRs and plasticizers. The bars represent standard errors.

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