Nanoliposomes in Cancer Therapy: Marketed Products and Current Clinical Trials - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Nanoliposomes in Cancer Therapy: Marketed Products and Current Clinical Trials

Raquel Taléns-Visconti et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2022.

Abstract

The drugs used for cancer treatment have many drawbacks, as they damage both tumor and healthy cells and, in addition, they tend to be poorly soluble drugs. Their transport in nanoparticles can solve these problems as these can release the drug into tumor tissues, as well as improve their solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy, reducing their adverse effects. This article focuses on the advantages that nanotechnology can bring to medicine, with special emphasis on nanoliposomes. For this, a review has been made of the nanoliposomal systems marketed for the treatment of cancer, as well as those that are in the research phase, highlighting the clinical trials being carried out. All marketed liposomes studied are intravenously administered, showing a reduced intensity of side-effects compared with the nonliposomal form. Doxorubicin is the active ingredient most frequently employed. Ongoing clinical trials expand the availability of liposomal medicines with new clinical indications. In conclusion, the introduction of drugs in nanoliposomes means an improvement in their efficacy and the quality of life of patients. The future focus of research could be directed to develop multifunctional targeted nanoliposomes using new anticancer drugs, different types of existing drugs, or new standardized methodologies easily translated into industrial scale.

Keywords: cancer; clinical trials; nanoliposomes; translational medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Estimated number of new cancer cases worldwide from 2020 to 2040 [1].

Figure 2

Figure 2

Strategies of functionalized liposome delivery for solid tumor therapy. (A) Conventional liposomes can reach tumor tissues through the EPR effect. (B) Surface-PEGylated liposomes can increase circulation time. (C) Functionalized liposomes modified with appropriate ligands can reach the target site and release the drug. (D) Responsive liposomes activate drug release only under specific environmental conditions. Reproduced from ref. [51].

Figure 3

Figure 3

Evolution of the number of publications on (nano)liposomes and cancer.

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