Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
. 2022 Jun 30;31(2):100-122.
doi: 10.7570/jomes22009. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Yoon Jeong Cho 2, Hyun-Jin Kim 3, Seung-Hyun Ko 4, Suk Chon 5, Jee-Hyun Kang 6, Kyoung-Kon Kim 7, Eun Mi Kim 8, Hyun Jung Kim 9, Kee-Ho Song 1, Ga Eun Nam 10, Kwang Il Kim 11; Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO); Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Committee of Food and Nutrition, Korean Diabetes Association (KDA); Policy Committee of Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH); Policy Development Committee of National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK)
Affiliations
- PMID: 35670159
- PMCID: PMC9284571
- DOI: 10.7570/jomes22009
Review
Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension
Jong Han Choi et al. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2022.
Abstract
Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations.
Keywords: Carbohydrates; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Hypertension; Obesity.
Conflict of interest statement
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Ga Eun Nam is an editorial board member of the journal; however, she was not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process for this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Figures
Figure 1
Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on body weight in adults with overweight/obesity. (A) Moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD). (B) Very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD). WMD, weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
Figure 2
Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (A) Moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD). (B) Very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD). WMD, weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
Figure 3
Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults with hypertension. (A) Moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD). (B) Very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD). WMD, weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
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