Single-cell glycomics analysis by CyTOF-Lec reveals glycan features defining cells differentially susceptible to HIV - PubMed (original) (raw)
Single-cell glycomics analysis by CyTOF-Lec reveals glycan features defining cells differentially susceptible to HIV
Tongcui Ma et al. Elife. 2022.
Abstract
High-parameter single-cell phenotyping has enabled in-depth classification and interrogation of immune cells, but to date has not allowed for glycan characterization. Here, we develop CyTOF-Lec as an approach to simultaneously characterize many protein and glycan features of human immune cells at the single-cell level. We implemented CyTOF-Lec to compare glycan features between different immune subsets from blood and multiple tissue compartments, and to characterize HIV-infected cell cultures. Using bioinformatics approaches to distinguish preferential infection of cellular subsets from viral-induced remodeling, we demonstrate that HIV upregulates the levels of cell-surface fucose and sialic acid in a cell-intrinsic manner, and that memory CD4+ T cells co-expressing high levels of fucose and sialic acid are highly susceptible to HIV infection. Sialic acid levels were found to distinguish memory CD4+ T cell subsets expressing different amounts of viral entry receptors, pro-survival factors, homing receptors, and activation markers, and to play a direct role in memory CD4+ T cells' susceptibility to HIV infection. The ability of sialic acid to distinguish memory CD4+ T cells with different susceptibilities to HIV infection was experimentally validated through sorting experiments. Together, these results suggest that HIV remodels not only cellular proteins but also glycans, and that glycan expression can differentiate memory CD4+ T cells with vastly different susceptibility to HIV infection.
Keywords: CyTOF; HIV; T cells; glycans; human; immunology; infectious disease; inflammation; lectins; microbiology; sialic acid.
Plain language summary
Living cells have a sugar coating. These sugars include molecules called glycans, which help cells interact with the outside world. The types of sugars on cells can affect their properties, including potentially their susceptibility to infection by viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV. To date, most research examining cells susceptible to HIV has focused on cell surface proteins, not sugars. To study these proteins, researchers had previously covered them in metal-studded antibodies (which stick to proteins) and used a technique called cytometry time of flight, or CyTOF for short, to quantify the levels of these proteins on the surface of cells susceptible to HIV. Adapting this tool to investigate sugars could answer questions about HIV infection. For example, does the virus prefer to infect cells coated in certain sugar molecules? And does it change the pattern of sugars on the surface of the cells it infects? Ma et al. adapted CyTOF to use molecules called lectins (which stick to sugars) in conjunction with the metal-studded antibodies. This made it possible to simultaneously measure the levels of 34 different proteins and 5 different types of sugars on individual cells. The pattern of sugars on the surface of cells from the immune system differed depending on what tissues the cells came from, and what types of cells they were. The results showed that HIV preferred to infect memory CD4 T cells with high levels of two types of sugar: fucose and sialic acid. Furthermore, during infection, the levels of both these sugars increased. Current treatments for HIV keep virus levels low but do not cure the infection. Further research could determine whether sugars have a role to play in HIV persistence. It is possible that the sugar patterns preferred by the virus help it to avoid detection. A clearer understanding of cell surface sugars could lead to sugar-targeting drugs that kill infected cells.
© 2022, Ma et al.
Conflict of interest statement
TM, MM, LG, GX, AG, MA, NR No competing interests declared
Figures
Figure 1.. Validation of cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF)-Lec.
(A) Antibody staining for protein markers is not altered by lectins. Shown are histograms of tonsil cells expressing CD3, CD8, or CD4, as detected by CyTOF after antibody staining followed or not by staining with metal-conjugated lectins (AOL: Aspergillus oryzae; MAL-1: Maackia amurensis I; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin; UEA-1: Ulex europaeus I; and ABA: Agaricus bisporus agglutinin). Protein expression (y-axis) is represented as the percentage of the maximal expression level detected for each staining. (B–D) Sialidase treatment elicits expected changes in lectin binding. Tonsil cells were treated with sialidase (20 μg/ml) for 1 hr at 37°C, and then stained with the CyTOF-Lec panel. Shown are histograms depicting the extent of interaction with sialic acid-binding (B), fucose-binding, (C) or T antigen-binding (D) lectins. Removal of sialic acid by sialidase decreases binding by sialic acid-binding lectins, while increasing binding by the fucose- and T antigen-binding lectins, as expected.
Figure 1—figure supplement 1.. Validation of antibodies and lectins used for cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) analysis.
(A) Expression levels of each protein antigen and glycan (the latter identified by their lectin) on tonsillar T and B cells, as assessed by CyTOF. As demonstrated schematically in the upper left, the top population of each plot corresponds to T cells (CD3+) while the bottom population corresponds to B cells (CD3-). Each antibody in the panel was validated by standard two-dimensional plots showing expression of CD3 (y-axis) vs. each indicated antibody or lectin (x-axis). The observed expression patterns of the protein antigens are consistent with known expression patterns on T cells and B cells. Results are gated on live, singlet cells. The bottom row depicts relative lectin staining viewed as a t-SNE heatmap, with the B cells, CD8+ naïve T cells (CD8+ Tn), CD8+ memory T cells (CD8+ Tm), CD4+ naïve T cells (CD4+ Tn), and CD4+ memory T cells (CD4+ Tm) annotated. (B) The intracellular protein antigens NFAT1, Birc5, CTLA-4, RORγt, and Tbet were further assessed for differential expression among CD4+ Tm vs. CD4+ Tn populations by monitoring for expression levels on CD45RO+ (marker of memory) vs. CD45RA+ (marker of naïve) cells. These antigens were all preferentially expressed in the memory compartment, consistent with their known expression patterns.
Figure 2.. Glycan expression in lymphocytes from human endometrium, tonsils, and blood.
(A) Box plots showing staining by fucose-binding lectins on B and T cells from the endometrium, tonsils, and PBMCs, quantified as median signal intensity (MSI). T cells were subdivided into memory CD8+ T cells (CD8+ Tm), naïve CD8+ T cells (CD8+ Tn), memory CD4+ T cells (CD4+ Tm), and naïve CD4+ T cells (CD4+ Tn) based on their expression of Tm- and Tn-specific CyTOF markers. AOL binds to total/core fucose, UEA1 binds to α1–2 branched fucose. Although there were some differences in binding between sites and between the different lectins, in all instances fucose-binding proteins bound CD4+ Tm at higher levels than they did CD4+ Tn. (B) Box plots showing binding by sialic acid-binding lectins WGA and MAL-1. Results are presented as in panel A. WGA binds to total sialylated glycans and MAL-1 binds to α2–3 sialylated glycans. Overall, the sialic acid-binding lectins bound CD8+ T cells at higher levels than they did CD4+ T cells and B cells. (C) Box plots showing binding by the T antigen-binding lectin ABA. Results are presented as in panel A. Overall, ABA bound T cells at higher levels than they did B cells. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Holm method.
Figure 3.. HIV alters expression of fucose and sialic acid in a tissue site-dependent manner.
(A) HIV preferentially infects fucose-expressing cells and further upregulates fucose expression in a tissue site-dependent manner. Box plots showing binding by fucose-binding proteins on uninfected (UI), predicted precursor (PRE), and infected (INF) CD4+ T cells from the endometrium, tonsils, and PBMCs. All populations were pre-gated on live, singlet CD4+ Tm cells. AOL binds total/core fucose, while UEA1 binds α1–2 branched fucose. (B) HIV preferentially infects sialic acid-expressing cells and further upregulates sialic acid in a tissue site-dependent manner. Box plots showing binding by sialic acid-binding lectins. Results are presented as in panel A. WGA binds total sialylated glycans and MAL1 binds α2–3 sialylated glycans. (C) Box plots showing binding by T antigen-binding lectin ABA. Results are presented as in panel A. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR).
Figure 3—figure supplement 1.. Cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) gating strategy to identify uninfected and HIV-infected T cells.
Productively infected cells were defined as those that were CD3+ CD8- CD4LowHSA+. The plots on the far right show specimens from a representative uninfected (top) and infected (bottom) sample.
Figure 3—figure supplement 2.. HIV remodels T cells from both tissues and blood.
(A) Cells from each of the indicated specimens from a representative donor were mock-treated or inoculated with the CCR5-tropic HIV-1 reporter virus F4.HSA, and monitored 3 days later for levels of productive infection. Results are gated on live, singlet CD3+ CD8- cells. Numbers correspond to the percentage of infected cells in each sample. (B) t-SNE plots of uninfected and infected cells from all donors combined. The observation that infected cells (red) reside in unique regions of the t-SNEs suggest viral-induced remodeling in all specimen types. Data are representative of a total of four to six donors per specimen type. (C) Quantification of viral-induced remodeling by SLIDE reveals viral-induced remodeling in all specimen types. The dashed line corresponds to the SLIDE score in the absence of remodeling (see Materials and methods).
Figure 3—figure supplement 3.. HIV preferentially infects memory CD4+ T cells from both tissues and blood.
(A) Schematic showing how predicted precursor (PRE) cells are identified. Blood or tissue cells, represented as different colored ovals, were mock-treated (top left) or infected with the CCR5-tropic HIV reporter virus F4.HSA (bottom left) for 3 days. HIV-infected cells (identified as those with a black border) were identified as cells expressing HSA that had downregulated CD4 (Figure 3—figure supplement 1). The HIV-infected cells are distinct from cells in the uninfected (UI) culture as they have been remodeled. However, by implementing PRE as determined by single-cell linkage using distance estimation (PP-SLIDE), we identify, in CyTOF high-dimensional space, the phenotypically most similar CD4+ T cells in the uninfected culture (purple and blue cells in schematic) for every HIV-infected cell (red and pink cells in schematic). The ‘PRE‘ cells thus identified display the predicted phenotypes of the original cells targeted for HIV infection, prior to HIV-induced remodeling. (B) t-SNE plots of uninfected and PRE cells demonstrate that CD4+ Tm is the dominant population of T cells targeted for infection in all of the three specimen types. CD4+ Tm, CD4+ Tn, CD8+ Tm, and CD8+ Tn cells were identified by manual gating and colored as indicated. Shown is one representative donor from each site . (C) Quantification of preferential infection of CD4+ Tm cells among all donors reveals enrichment of CD4+ Tm cells among PRE cells. ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test.
Figure 3—figure supplement 4.. Histogram and t-SNE visualizations of HIV-induced alteration of fucose and sialic acid expression.
(A) HIV infection upregulates fucose expression. Shown are histograms (left) and t-SNE plots (right) depicting as heatmaps AOL binding on uninfected predicted precursor (PRE) and infected (INF) singlet CD4+ Tm cells from the three indicated compartments. (B) HIV infection upregulates sialic acid expression. Shown are histograms (top) and t-SNE plots (bottom) depicting as heatmaps WGA and MAL-1 binding on PRE and INF singlet CD4+ Tm cells from the three indicated compartments. (C) Among PBMCs, HIV preferentially infects CD4+ Tm cells with high levels of fucose and sialic acid. Shown are histograms (left) and t-SNE plots (right) depicting as heatmaps AOL, UEA-1, WGA, and MAL-1 binding on uninfected (UI) and PRE singlet CD4+ Tm cells.
Figure 3—figure supplement 5.. HIV infection alters expression of fucose and sialic acid in bystander cells.
(A) HIV infection upregulates fucose expression in bystander cells. Box plots showing binding by fucose-binding proteins on uninfected (UI), bystander (Bys), and infected (INF) CD4+ Tm cells from the endometrium, tonsils, and PBMCs. Bystander CD4+ T cells were defined as CD4+ Tm cells in the infected cultures that did not express the HIV reporter gene HSA. All populations were pre-gated on live, singlet CD4+ Tm cells. AOL binds total/core fucose, while UEA1 binds α1–2 branched fucose. (B) HIV infection upregulates sialic acid in bystander cells. Box plots showing binding by sialic acid-binding lectins. Results are presented as in panel A. WGA binds total sialylated glycans and MAL1 α2–3 sialylated glycans. (C) Box plots showing binding by T antigen-binding lectin ABA. Results are presented as in panel A. *p<0.05 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR).
Figure 3—figure supplement 6.. HIV upregulates fucose, sialic acid, and T antigen expression in subsets of bystander cells.
(A) Box plots showing staining by fucose-binding proteins on uninfected (UI) and bystander (Bys) B and T cells from the endometrium, tonsils, and PBMCs. Bystander CD4+ Tm cells were defined as those that did not express the HIV reporter HSA. AOL binds to total/core fucose, and UEA1 binds to α1–2 branched fucose. (B) Box plots showing staining by sialic acid-binding lectins WGA and MAL1. Results are presented as in panel A. WGA binds to total sialylated glycans and MAL-1 binds to α2–3 sialylated glycans. (C) Box plots showing staining by the T antigen-binding lectin ABA. Results are presented as in panel A. Elevation of fucose, sialic acid, and T antigen on Bys relative to UI cells were most apparent in tonsils. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR). CD8+ Tm: memory CD8+ T cells; CD8+ Tn: naive CD8+ T cells; CD4+ Tm: memory CD4+ T cells; CD4+ Tn: naive CD4+ T cells.
Figure 4.. HIV preferentially infects memory CD4+ T cells from tonsils and PBMCs with high levels of fucose and sialic acid.
(A) Gating strategy to identify CD4+ Tm populations expressing different levels of fucose and sialic acid (as detected by AOL and WGA binding, respectively) (B) The proportions of CD4+ Tm cells that were productively infected (as assessed by HSA positivity) are higher among the AOLHigh and WGAHigh cells than among their AOLLow and WGALow counterparts for all three sites. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test. Each color corresponds to a different donor. Gates for the depicted populations are shown in panel A. (C) Proportion of uninfected CD4+ Tm and PRE cells expressing high levels of fucose, sialic acid, or both (as determined by high binding by AOL or WGA, respectively), as assessed by manual gating. In tonsils and PBMCs, cells expressing fucose and sialic acid were preferentially selected for infection by HIV. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test. (D) Co-expression of fucose and sialic acid on PRE cells in the indicated specimens, as depicted by t-SNE heatmaps. Shown are cells concatenated from all donors analyzed in the study. Regions of the t-SNE co-expressing fucose and sialic acid are circled. (E) Levels of fucose and sialic acid differ between CD4+ Tm cells from different origins, as shown by median signal intensity (MSI) for binding by WGA (sialic acid-binding) and AOL (fucose-binding). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 as assessed using a one-way ANOVA and adjusted for multiple testing using the Bonferroni.
Figure 5.. FlowSOM clustering confirms that HIV-susceptible subsets from tonsils and PBMCs harbor high levels of fucose and sialic acid.
(A) t-SNE plots based on FlowSOM analysis of uninfected CD4+ Tm and PRE cells from endometrium, tonsil, and PBMC specimens, showing 20 color-labeled clusters of cells. (B) Enrichment of clusters among PRE cells. PRE enrichment-folds were determined by dividing the sizes of each cluster in PRE cells by that in the corresponding uninfected CD4+ Tm cells. Enriched clusters (those with an enrichment fold above 1) correspond to cells preferentially selected for infection. Note that the highest enrichment-folds were observed in tonsils, suggesting the most preferential selection of subsets for infection in this specimen type. Each color corresponds to a different donor. Labels on the x-axis refer to the cluster name. (C) Clusters enriched among PRE cells express high levels of fucose and sialic acid, as depicted by t-SNE. For each specimen set, the left-hand t-SNE plot depicts clusters enriched among PRE (red) against total cells (gray), while the t-SNE plots on the right depict by heatmaps the expression levels of fucose (as assessed by AOL binding) and sialic acid (as assessed by WGA binding) among the enriched clusters. Note that the enriched clusters from all three sites include cells expressing high levels of both fucose and sialic acid (highlighted by arrows).
Figure 5—figure supplement 1.. Levels of glycans on FlowSOM-defined clusters.
An enrichment ratio was determined for each cluster by dividing the frequencies of the cells of that cluster among the PRE cells by their frequency among the uninfected CD4+ Tm cells. Clusters with an enrichment ratio above 1 correspond to those preferentially selected for infection. Relative binding by proteins specific for fucose (panel A), sialic acid (panel B), or T antigen (panel C) were assessed by reporting median signal intensity (MSI) of the bound lectins. Enriched clusters included those with high levels of the examined glycans. Total CD4+ Tm cells are shown for comparison. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR), and correspond to statistically significant differences between each cluster and total CD4+ Tm cells.
Figure 6.. High levels of sialylated glycans identifies highly susceptible and activated CD4+ Tm cells, and plays a direct role in susceptibility.
(A) Histograms showing the expression of total sialylated glycans on three populations (WGALow [red], WGAMedium [yellow], and WGAHigh [blue]) of sorted uninfected CD4+ Tm cells (CD3+ CD4+ CD45RA-), as assessed by WGA binding. One of three representative donors is shown. (B–C) The sorted uninfected CD4+ Tm cells in panel A, along with total CD4+ Tm cells, were exposed to F4.HSA and assessed by flow cytometry for infection rates 3 days later. Results are gated on live, singlet CD3+ CD8- cells. Shown are representative FACS plots from one donor (B) and compiled results from three donors (C). For each donor, experimental duplicates were performed for each condition. Each datapoint shown corresponds to one donor. *p<0.05 as assessed using a one-way ANOVA and adjusted for multiple testing using the Bonferroni. (D) WGAHigh Tm cells bind more AOL than WGALow Tm cells do. Shown are the histogram plots from one representative PBMC donor (left) and box plots from all four PBMC donors (right). (E) WGAHigh Tm cells express more CD4 and CCR5 than WGALow Tm cells do. Shown are the histogram plots from one representative PBMC donor (left) and box plots from all four PBMC donors (right). (F) WGAHigh Tm cells express higher levels of activation markers than WGALow Tm cells do. Shown are the histogram plots from one representative PBMC donor (top) and box plots from all four PBMC donors (bottom). (G) WGAHigh Tm cells express higher levels of the pro-survival factors CD127, BIRC5, and Ox40 than WGALow Tm cells do. Shown are the histogram plots from one representative PBMC donor (left) and box plots from all four PBMC donors (right). (H) The CD127, CCR7, and CD62L receptors are expressed at lower levels in WGAHigh relative to WGALow Tm cells. Shown are the histogram plots from one representative PBMC donor (left) and box plots from all four PBMC donors (right). For panels D–G, *p<0.05 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR). (I) Transient treatment with sialidase decreases cell-surface levels of sialidase on CD4+ T cells. PBMCs were treated for 1 hr with sialidase prior to assessment of cell-surface WGA binding. Shown are overlaid histograms demonstrating a decrease in cell-surface sialic acid levels (as reflected by WGA binding) in the sialidase-treated cells from two independent donors. Results are gated on live, singlet CD3+ CD8- CD4+ cells. Numbers correspond to percent of cells within the indicated gate. (J–K) PBMCs treated for 1 hr with the indicated concentrations of sialidase were exposed to F4.HSA and assessed by flow cytometry for infection rates 3 days later. Results are gated on live, singlet CD3+ CD8- cells. Shown are representative FACS plots from two donors (J) and the results of experimental triplicates from each of these donors (K). **p<0.01 and ****p<0.0001 as assessed using a one-way ANOVA and adjusted for multiple testing using the Bonferroni.
Figure 6—figure supplement 1.. Activated CD4+ Tm cells express high levels of sialic acid.
(A) Histograms showing the expression of activation markers on CD4+ Tm cells from resting (blue) and PHA-stimulated PBMCs (red). One of four representative donors is shown. (B) Stimulated CD4+ Tm cells express more sialic acid than resting CD4+ Tm cells do. Shown are the four PBMC donors. (C) HLADRHigh, CD69High, CD38High, CD38High, CD25High, CD28High, and ICOSHigh CD4+ Tm cells bind more WGA than CD4+ Tm cells expressing low levels of these activation markers. Shown are the four PBMC donors. For panels B–C, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR). (C) Treatment with the sialic acid synthase inhibitor P-3FZX-Neu5Ac does not decrease cell-surface levels of sialidase on CD4 + T cells. PBMCs were treated for 24 hr with the indicated concentrations of P-3FZX-Neu5Ac prior to assessment of cell-surface WGA binding. Shown are overlaid histograms demonstrating no decrease in cell-surface sialic acid levels (as reflected by WGA binding) in the inhibitor-treated cells. Results are gated on live, singlet CD3+ CD8- CD4+ cells. Numbers correspond to percent of cells within the indicated gate.
Figure 6—figure supplement 2.. Expression levels of cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) antigens on WGALow and WGAHigh Tm cells.
Shown are histogram and box plots depicting antibody and lectin staining of the WGALow (red) and WGAHigh (blue) Tm cells. Shown are antigens not already depicted in Figure 6. Data from one of four representative PBMC donors is shown in histogram plots. Data from four independent PBMC donors is shown in box plots. *p<0.05 as assessed using the Student’s paired t test and adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg for false discovery rate (FDR).
Author response image 1.
Similar articles
- Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir.
Neidleman J, Luo X, Frouard J, Xie G, Hsiao F, Ma T, Morcilla V, Lee A, Telwatte S, Thomas R, Tamaki W, Wheeler B, Hoh R, Somsouk M, Vohra P, Milush J, James KS, Archin NM, Hunt PW, Deeks SG, Yukl SA, Palmer S, Greene WC, Roan NR. Neidleman J, et al. Elife. 2020 Sep 29;9:e60933. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60933. Elife. 2020. PMID: 32990219 Free PMC article. - Characterization of HIV-induced remodeling reveals differences in infection susceptibility of memory CD4+ T cell subsets in vivo.
Xie G, Luo X, Ma T, Frouard J, Neidleman J, Hoh R, Deeks SG, Greene WC, Roan NR. Xie G, et al. Cell Rep. 2021 Apr 27;35(4):109038. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109038. Cell Rep. 2021. PMID: 33910003 Free PMC article. - Longitudinal analysis of subtype C envelope tropism for memory CD4+ T cell subsets over the first 3 years of untreated HIV-1 infection.
Gartner MJ, Gorry PR, Tumpach C, Zhou J, Dantanarayana A, Chang JJ, Angelovich TA, Ellenberg P, Laumaea AE, Nonyane M, Moore PL, Lewin SR, Churchill MJ, Flynn JK, Roche M. Gartner MJ, et al. Retrovirology. 2020 Aug 6;17(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12977-020-00532-2. Retrovirology. 2020. PMID: 32762760 Free PMC article. - Comprehensive Mass Cytometry Analysis of Cell Cycle, Activation, and Coinhibitory Receptors Expression in CD4 T Cells from Healthy and HIV-Infected Individuals.
Corneau A, Cosma A, Even S, Katlama C, Le Grand R, Frachet V, Blanc C, Autran B. Corneau A, et al. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2017 Jan;92(1):21-32. doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.21502. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2017. PMID: 27997758 Review. - [Deep lung--cellular reaction to HIV].
Tavares Marques MA, Alves V, Duque V, Botelho MF. Tavares Marques MA, et al. Rev Port Pneumol. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):175-212. Rev Port Pneumol. 2007. PMID: 17492233 Review. Portuguese.
Cited by
- Highly Sensitive Spatial Glycomics at Near-Cellular Resolution by On-Slide Derivatization and Mass Spectrometry Imaging.
Cumin C, Gee L, Litfin T, Muchabaiwa R, Martin G, Cooper O, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Lange T, von Itzstein M, Jacob F, Everest-Dass A. Cumin C, et al. Anal Chem. 2024 Jul 16;96(28):11163-11171. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05984. Epub 2024 Jul 2. Anal Chem. 2024. PMID: 38953530 Free PMC article. - Native N-glycome profiling of single cells and ng-level blood isolates using label-free capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
Marie AL, Gao Y, Ivanov AR. Marie AL, et al. Nat Commun. 2024 May 8;15(1):3847. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47772-w. Nat Commun. 2024. PMID: 38719792 Free PMC article. - In Situ Glycan Analysis and Editing in Living Systems.
Li Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ding L, Ju H. Li Y, et al. JACS Au. 2024 Jan 17;4(2):384-401. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00717. eCollection 2024 Feb 26. JACS Au. 2024. PMID: 38425935 Free PMC article. Review. - Selenium-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy for quantitative glycan detection.
Tian X, Zheng L, Wang C, Han Y, Li Y, Cui T, Liu J, Liu C, Jia G, Yang L, Hsu Y, Zeng C, Ding L, Wang C, Cheng B, Wang M, Xie R. Tian X, et al. Nat Commun. 2023 Dec 13;14(1):8281. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44118-w. Nat Commun. 2023. PMID: 38092825 Free PMC article. - SPDB: a comprehensive resource and knowledgebase for proteomic data at the single-cell resolution.
Wang F, Liu C, Li J, Yang F, Song J, Zang T, Yao J, Wang G. Wang F, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D562-D571. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad1018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024. PMID: 37953313 Free PMC article.
References
- Bendall SC, Simonds EF, Qiu P, Amir ED, Krutzik PO, Finck R, Bruggner RV, Melamed R, Trejo A, Ornatsky OI, Balderas RS, Plevritis SK, Sachs K, Pe’er D, Tanner SD, Nolan GP. Single-Cell Mass Cytometry of Differential Immune and Drug Responses Across a Human Hematopoietic Continuum. Science. 2011;332:687–696. doi: 10.1126/science.1198704. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
- Breen EC, Rezai AR, Nakajima K, Beall GN, Mitsuyasu RT, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Martinez-Maza O. Infection with HIV is associated with elevated IL-6 levels and production. Journal of Immunology. 1990;144:480–484. - PubMed
- Cavrois M, Banerjee T, Mukherjee G, Raman N, Hussien R, Rodriguez BA, Vasquez J, Spitzer MH, Lazarus NH, Jones JJ, Ochsenbauer C, McCune JM, Butcher EC, Arvin AM, Sen N, Greene WC, Roan NR. Mass Cytometric Analysis of HIV Entry, Replication, and Remodeling in Tissue CD4+ T Cells. Cell Reports. 2017;20:984–998. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.087. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
- R01 DK123733/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
- R21 AI143385/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- S10 RR028962/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
- UM1 AI164567/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- R01 AI147777/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- P01 AI131374/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- P30 DK063720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
- UM1 AI164559/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- R01 AG062383/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
- T32 AI007334/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- R01 NS117458/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
- P30 AI027763/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- S10 OD018040/OD/NIH HHS/United States
- R01 AI127219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials