Frequency, Method, Intensity, and Health Sequelae of Sexual Choking Among U.S. Undergraduate and Graduate Students - PubMed (original) (raw)
Frequency, Method, Intensity, and Health Sequelae of Sexual Choking Among U.S. Undergraduate and Graduate Students
Debby Herbenick et al. Arch Sex Behav. 2022 Aug.
Abstract
Although sexual choking is now prevalent, little is known about how people engage in choking in terms of frequency, intensity, method, or potential health sequelae. In a campus-representative survey of undergraduate and graduate students, we aimed to: (1) describe the prevalence of ever having choked/been choked as part of sex; (2) examine the characteristics of choking one's sexual partners (e.g., age at first experience, number of partners, frequency, intensity, method); (3) examine the characteristics of having been choked during sex; and (4) assess immediate responses of having been choked including the extent to which frequency and method (e.g., hand, ligature, limb) of having been choked predicts the range of responses endorsed by participants. A total of 4254 randomly sampled students (2668 undergraduate, 1576 graduate) completed a confidential online survey during Spring 2021. The mean age of first choking/being choked was about 19, with more undergraduates than graduate students reporting first choking/being choked in adolescence. Women and transgender/gender non-binary participants were significantly more likely to have been choked than men. Participants more often reported the use of hands compared to limbs or ligature. Common responses to being choked were pleasurable sensations/euphoria (81.7%), a head rush (43.8%), feeling like they could not breathe (43.0%), difficulty swallowing (38.9%), unable to speak (37.6%), and watery eyes (37.2%). About 15% had noticed neck bruising and 3% had lost consciousness from being choked. Greater frequency and intensity of being choked was associated with reports of more physical responses as was use of limb (arm, leg) or ligature.
Keywords: BDSM; Choking during sex; Manual strangulation; Non-fatal strangulation; Sexual behavior.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Conflict of interest statement
All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Similar articles
- Prevalence and characteristics of choking/strangulation during sex: Findings from a probability survey of undergraduate students.
Herbenick D, Fu TC, Patterson C, Rosenstock Gonzalez YR, Luetke M, Svetina Valdivia D, Eastman-Mueller H, Guerra-Reyes L, Rosenberg M. Herbenick D, et al. J Am Coll Health. 2023 May-Jun;71(4):1059-1073. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1920599. Epub 2021 Jul 9. J Am Coll Health. 2023. PMID: 34242530 - Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey.
Herbenick D, Patterson C, Beckmeyer J, Gonzalez YRR, Luetke M, Guerra-Reyes L, Eastman-Mueller H, Valdivia DS, Rosenberg M. Herbenick D, et al. J Sex Med. 2021 Jun;18(6):1024-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.03.006. Epub 2021 May 19. J Sex Med. 2021. PMID: 34020921 - "It Was Scary, But Then It Was Kind of Exciting": Young Women's Experiences with Choking During Sex.
Herbenick D, Guerra-Reyes L, Patterson C, Rosenstock Gonzalez YR, Wagner C, Zounlome N. Herbenick D, et al. Arch Sex Behav. 2022 Feb;51(2):1103-1123. doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02049-x. Epub 2021 Nov 10. Arch Sex Behav. 2022. PMID: 34761344 Free PMC article. - Non-Fatal Strangulation/Choking During Sex and Its Associations with Mental Health: Findings from an Undergraduate Probability Survey.
Herbenick D, Fu TC, Kawata K, Eastman-Mueller H, Guerra-Reyes L, Rosenberg M, Valdivia DS. Herbenick D, et al. J Sex Marital Ther. 2022;48(3):238-250. doi: 10.1080/0092623X.2021.1985025. Epub 2021 Oct 1. J Sex Marital Ther. 2022. PMID: 34596011 - Food choking hazards in children.
Sidell DR, Kim IA, Coker TR, Moreno C, Shapiro NL. Sidell DR, et al. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Dec;77(12):1940-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Sep 12. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013. PMID: 24113156 Review.
Cited by
- Prevalence of Sexual Strangulation/Choking Among Australian 18-35 Year-Olds.
Sharman LS, Fitzgerald R, Douglas H. Sharman LS, et al. Arch Sex Behav. 2025 Feb;54(2):465-480. doi: 10.1007/s10508-024-02937-y. Epub 2024 Jul 3. Arch Sex Behav. 2025. PMID: 38961025 Free PMC article. - #ChokeMeDaddy: A Content Analysis of Memes Related to Choking/Strangulation During Sex.
Herbenick D, Guerra-Reyes L, Patterson C, Wilson J, Rosenstock Gonzalez YR, Voorheis E, Whitcomb M, Kump R, Theis E, Rothman EF, Nelson KM, Maas MK. Herbenick D, et al. Arch Sex Behav. 2023 Apr;52(3):1299-1315. doi: 10.1007/s10508-022-02502-5. Epub 2022 Dec 16. Arch Sex Behav. 2023. PMID: 36526942 Free PMC article.
References
- American College Health Association. (2020). American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Student Reference Group Executive Summary Spring. Retrieved on July 13, 2021 from: https://www.acha.org/NCHA/ACHA-NCHA_Data/Publications_and_Reports/NCHA/D...
- Attrino, A.G. (2019). Killer strangled her and posted pic on Snapchat before calling for help, officials allege. NJ.com,https://www.nj.com/bergen/2019/11/killer-strangled-her-and-posted-pic-on...
- Baxendale E, Roche K, Stephens S. An examination of autoerotic asphyxiation in a community sample. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 2019;28(3):292–303. doi: 10.3138/cjhs.2018-0047. - DOI
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical