The epidemiological characteristic and trends of burns globally - PubMed (original) (raw)

Aobuliaximu Yakupu et al. BMC Public Health. 2022.

Abstract

Background: Burns is a type of injury, caused by unintentional exposure to substances of high temperature, including hot liquid, solid, and objects radiating heat energy, placing a high burden not only on patients' families but also on national healthcare systems globally. It is difficult for policymakers and clinicians to formulate targeted management strategies for burns because data on current epidemiological patterns worldwide are lacking.

Methods: Data on burns were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study. The incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths of burns in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were calculated and stratified by sex, age, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of incidence, DALYs, and deaths was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends. All analyses were performed using R software, version 4.1.1, with 2-sided P-values < .05 indicating a statistically significant difference.

Results: A total of 8,378,122 new cases (95% UI, 6,531,887-10,363,109cases) of burns were identified globally in 2019, which is almost evenly split between men and women, and most of the new cases were concentrated in the 10-19-year age group. Besides, burns account for 111,292 deaths (95% UI, 132,392-88,188) globally in 2019, most of which were concentrated in those aged 1-4 years. The burden of burns measured in DALYs was 7,460,448.65 (95% UI, 5,794,505.89-9,478,717.81) in 2019, of which 67% and 33% could be attributed to YLLs and YLDs, respectively. The EAPC of incidence, DALYs, and deaths were negative, the age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence, DALYs, and deaths were considered to be decreasing in most of the regions, and the EAPCs were negatively correlated with SDI levels, universal health coverage (UHC), and gross domestic product (GDP).

Conclusion: Globally, the age-standardized rates of burn incidence, DALYs, and mortality, as well as the number of burn DALYs and death cases will continuously decrease, but the number of new burn cases has an increasing tendency globally. In addition, the EAPCs of burns in incidence, DALYs, and deaths indicated that the burden of burns was considered to be decreasing in most of the regions. And from the relationship of EAPCs with SDI, UHC index, and GDP, indicate that prevention burns not only depend on health spending per capita but also depend on the education level per capita and healthcare system performance, but it does not mean higher health spending corresponds to higher UHC index, which needs high efficiency of translating health spending into individuals health gains.

Keywords: Burden; Burns; Epidemiology; Trends.

© 2022. The Author(s).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Incidence of burns. A distribution of new cases among different age categories in 2019. B the global changing trend in the number of new cases by sex from 1990 to 2019. C a comparison of the ASIR between 1990 and 2019 at global and different SDI levels. D a comparison of the ASIR by sex in 2019 at global and different SDI levels. E the top increased or decreased in the number of new cases by sex in 2019 compared with 1990 among 204 countries and territories. F the top increased or decreased in ASIR by sex in 2019 compared with 1990 among 204 countries and territories. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, sociodemographic index

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

The map of new cases in 2019. A the map of new cases in 2019 among 204 countries and territories

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

DALYs of burns. A the global changing trend in DALYs by sex from 1990 to 2019. B a comparison of the DALYs between 1990 and 2019 at global and different SDI levels. C a comparison of the DALYs by sex at global and different SDI levels in 2019. D a comparison of the DALYs by sex at global and different SDI levels in 1990. E a comparison of the ASDAR by sex at global and different SDI levels in 2019. F a comparison of the ASDAR by sex at global and different SDI levels in 1990. G distribution of DALYs among different age categories in 2019. H the percentage of DALYs attributable to top risk factors for both sexes combined at global and different SDI levels in 2019. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; ASDAR, age-standardized DALYs rate; SDI, sociodemographic index

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Mortality of burns. A distribution of death cases among different age categories in 2019. B the global changing trend in the number of death cases by sex from 1990 to 2019. C a comparison of the number of death cases between 1990 and 2019 at global and different SDI levels. D a comparison of the number of death cases by sex at global and different SDI levels in 2019. E a comparison of the ASDR by sex at global and different SDI levels in 2019. F Percentage of deaths attributable to top risk factors for both sexes combined at global and different SDI levels in 2019. ASDR, age-standardized death rate; SDI, sociodemographic index

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

The map of mortality rate in 2019. A the map of ASDR in 2019 among 204 countries and territories

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

Temporal Trends of burns. A the EAPC of death in 45 GBD regions. B the top positive and negative EAPC of incidence among 204 countries and territories. C the top positive and negative EAPC of DALYs among 204 countries and territories. D the top positive and negative EAPC of Deaths among 204 countries and territories. GBD, Global Burden of Disease; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change

Fig. 7

Fig. 7

The map of Incidence EAPC. A the map of Incidence EAPC among 204 countries and territories. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change

Fig. 8

Fig. 8

Relationship of EAPCs in burns incidence, DALYs, and death with SDI, UHC, and GDP. A correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASIR with SDI. B correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASDAR with SDI. C correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASDR with SDI. D correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASIR with UHC. E correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASDAR with UHC. F correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASDR with UHC. G correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASIR with GDP. H correlation analysis of the EAPC of ASDAR with GDP. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index; UHC, universal health coverage; GDP, gross domestic product; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASDAR, age-standardized DALYs rate

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