A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and liver cancer incidence in Chinese men - PubMed (original) (raw)

A prospective cohort study of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and liver cancer incidence in Chinese men

Yan Zhang et al. J Dig Dis. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: Population-based prospective studies on the associations of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and primary liver cancer remain limited in Mainland China. Our study was designed to evaluate such relationships in middle-aged Chinese men.

Methods: Self-reported habits of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were obtained from all cohort members at the baseline survey. The outcomes were identified through in-person follow-up and annual record linkage to multiple statistics of vital and cancer registration. Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated utilizing the Cox regression model.

Results: After a median follow-up of 12.31 years, 329 cases of incident primary liver cancer occurred among 45 266 male participants. Compared with never smoker, former smoker was positively associated with liver cancer risk, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.02-1.98). Individuals who had smoked for more than 40 years had a 49% increased risk of liver cancer (HR≥40 years 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14). The association of alcohol drinking with liver cancer showed no statistical significance.

Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that cigarette smoking was positively associated with an increased liver cancer risk among Chinese men. Attention to such non-viral modifiable risk factors to prevent liver cancer effectively is needed.

Keywords: alcohol drinking; cigarette smoking; hepatocellular carcinoma; menprospective studies.

© 2022 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

There is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

The process of inclusion and exclusion of study subjects

References

    1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M , et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:209–249. - PubMed
    1. Jee SH, Ohrr H, Sull JW, Samet JM. Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B, and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1851–1856. - PubMed
    1. The Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The Shanghai Cancer Report 2019. In: Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Scientific Report: 2019. pp. 1–113.
    1. Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification. Adv Cancer Res 2021;149:1–61. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mori M, Hara M, Wada I, Hara T , et al. Prospective study of hepatitis B and C viral infections, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and other factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Japan. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:131–139. - PubMed

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources