Dietary fiber intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The mediating role of obesity - PubMed (original) (raw)

Dietary fiber intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The mediating role of obesity

Yu Zhu et al. Front Public Health. 2023.

Abstract

Background and aims: Dietary pattern rich in fiber is negatively associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meanwhile, obesity is a known predisposing factor for NAFLD. Nutrient-focused research can enhance the mechanistic understanding of dietary effects. We thus hypothesized that higher dietary fiber intake was associated with lower risk of NAFLD through the mediating role of obesity.

Methods: In this nationwide cross-sectional study, dietary fiber was surveyed using two 24-h recalls. NAFLD and clinically significant fibrosis (CSF) were determined by vibration-controlled transient elastography. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were applied to investigate the association of dietary fiber with NAFLD, CSF, and liver function parameters. We used counterfactual-based mediation analysis to estimate the direct and indirect effect of dietary fiber on NAFLD.

Results: Of the 3,974 participants, ~36.86% and 7.78% of participants were diagnosed with NAFLD and CSF. Compared with participants among the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of dietary fiber consumption was associated with lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98; P overall = 0.019). Dietary fiber intake appeared to be linked with lower odds of CSF (OR Tertile_3_vs._Tertile_1 = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.58-1.14; P overall = 0.107). Mediation analysis showed that obesity fully mediated the association of dietary fiber with NAFLD. Dietary fiber was associated with improved hepatic parameters.

Conclusions: The findings indicated that increasing dietary fiber intake could confer a greater benefit to protect against NAFLD. Translating these findings regarding dietary fiber into dietary advice might be an attractive strategy for NAFLD prevention.

Keywords: cross-sectional study; dietary fiber; liver function parameters; mediation analysis; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Visualization of the dose-response relationship between dietary fiber and liver disease based on restricted cubic splinesa. (A) The relationship between dietary fiber and NAFLD; (B) the relationship between dietary fiber and CSF. CI, confidence interval; CSF, clinically significant fibrosis; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; OR, odds ratio. aModel was adjusted for adjusted for age, sex, smoking, race/ethnicity, education, ratio of family income to poverty, physical activity, total energy, hypertension, and diabetes.

Figure 2

The relationship between dietary fiber and NAFLD from mediation analysis with controlling obesity as a mediatora. CI, confidence interval; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; OR: odds ratio. aModel was adjusted for adjusted for age, sex, smoking, race/ethnicity, education, ratio of family income to poverty, physical activity, total energy, hypertension, and diabetes.

Figure 3

The relationship between dietary fiber and liver function parameters from mediation analysis with controlling obesity as a mediatora. GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transaminase. aModel was adjusted for adjusted for age, sex, smoking, race/ethnicity, education, ratio of family income to poverty, physical activity, total energy, hypertension, and diabetes.

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Dietary fiber intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The mediating role of obesity - PubMed (original) (raw)